基于eDNA技术的湘江长沙段丰水期鱼类物种多样性研究  

Fish Diversity in Changsha Section of Xiangjiang River During the High Water Period Based on eDNA Technology

作　　者：赵文玉[1,2] 刘梦月 林本平[3] 郭珊[3] 刘祯 ZHAO Wenyu;LIU Mengyue;LIN Benping;GUO Shan;LIU Zhen(School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,School of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,P.R.China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学土木与环境工程学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙理工大学水利与海洋工程学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]长沙理工大学化学化工学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第2期134-143,共10页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室开放基金(2018DT02);湖南省教育厅重点项目(20A032);长沙理工大学研究生科研创新项目(CX2020SS79)。

摘　　要：基于高通量测序技术对湘江长沙段表层水及底泥样品中鱼类DNA片段测序,可补充湘江长沙段鱼类资源调查数据,并验证eDNA技术用于鱼类资源调查的可行性。2021年8月14日沿湘江长沙段流向采集表层水与底泥样品各18份,采用E.Z.N.A.®土壤DNA提取试剂盒,以线粒体基因的12S rRNA为靶点,采用鱼类特异性引物Tele 02进行PCR扩增,与MitoFish和NCBI核酸数据库比对并经人工核实。结果显示,调查共获得淡水鱼8目13科32属39种;鲤形目(Cypriniformes)最多,共计27种,OTU相对丰度占比最高为48.56%;其次是鲇形目(Siluriformes)占22.87%,胡瓜鱼目(Osmeriformes)占17.65%,鰕鯱目(Gobiiformes)占8.48%,鳉形目(Cyprinodontiformes)占1.48%,鲈形目(Perciformes)占0.83%,鲟形目(Acipenseriformes)占0.08%,攀鲈目(Anabantiformes)占0.05%;属分类水平下,草鱼属(Ctenopharyngodon)、银鱼属(Salanx)、拟鲿属(Pseudobagrus)、䱗属(Hemiculter)、鲤属(Cyprinus)和吻鰕鯱属(Rhinogobius)为优势属。表层水与底泥中的Alpha多样性指数分布较为均匀,且中下游鱼类多样性水平稍高于上游,可能与水源地保护措施改善了水生态质量及禁渔政策有关。研究表明,eDNA技术可作为鱼类生物多样性监测和大数据统计的重要手段,与传统调查方法结合,可用于快速监测流域鱼类资源变化情况。The Changsha section of Xiangjiang River is in the middle and lower reaches of the river.It is a drinking water source protection area of the river-reservoir type and an important channel for fish migration and for conserving fish diversity in Dongting Lake.In this study,we investigated the species distribution and biodiversity of fish community in the Changsha section of Xiangjiang River based on high-throughput sequencing of fish DNA fragments in surface water and sediment samples.Our aim was to supplement baseline data on fish resources in the Changsha section and verify the feasibility of eDNA technology for fish resource investigation.In August 2021,18 surface water and sediment samples were collected at 6 sampling sites at intervals of 6-10 km from upstream to downstream along the Changsha section of Xiangjiang River.Then,E.Z.N.A.®Soil DNA extraction Kit(Omega Bio-Tek,USA)was used to extract DNA in water and sediment samples,12S rRNA of mitochondrial gene was used as target,and Tele 02(a fish-specific primer)was used for PCR amplification.The amplified sequences were then compared with MitoFish and NCBI nucleotide databases,followed by manual verification.A total of 39 freshwater fish species were identified,belonging to 32 genera,13 families and 8 orders,with 39 species from 32 genera,13 families and 8 orders detected in surface water samples,and 38 species from 31 genera,13 families and 8 orders detected in sediment samples.Cypriniformes(27 species)was the most dominant group,with a relative OTU abundance of 48.56%,followed by Siluriformes(22.87%),Osmeriformes(17.65%),Gobiiformes(8.48%),Cyprinodontiformes(1.48%)and Perciformes(0.83%),Acipenseriformes(0.08%)and Anabantiformes(0.05%).At the genus level,Ctenopharyngodon,Salanx,Pseudobagrus,Hemiculter,Cyprinus and Rhinogobius were the most dominant.The Chao1,Shannon,Simpson and Coverage indices of the fish community in surface water and sediments were evenly distributed,and there was a significant positive correlation between surface water and sediment(P<0.0

关 键 词：环境DNA 鱼类多样性 丰水期 湘江长沙段 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]