基于磁轨制动摩擦特性的有轨电车紧急制动控制优化方法  

Tram Emergency Braking Control Optimization Method Based on Magnetic Rail Braking Friction Characteristics

作　　者：吴明赵 吴佳楠 吴慧鹏 薛彬 张路 WU Mingzhao;WU Jianan;WU Huipeng;XUE Bin;ZHANG Lu(CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Haitai Brake Equipment Co.,Ltd.,210084,Nanjing,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中车浦镇海泰制动设备有限公司,南京210084

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2025年第3期192-195,200,共5页Urban Mass Transit

摘　　要：[目的]有轨电车在紧急制动过程中易受磁轨制动特性的影响。随着列车载荷和列车运行速度的变化,有轨电车的瞬时减速度有较大波动。在列车低速运行阶段,其减速度突增尤为明显,容易产生较大的制动冲击,因此,需要研究有轨电车紧急制动控制的优化方法。[方法]通过对我国某有轨电车线开展磁轨制动试验,研究了不同列车载荷工况、不同制动初速度工况对有轨电车磁轨制动摩擦特性的影响。对试验数据进行拟合计算,得到了磁轨制动摩擦因数随速度变化的特征函数。基于该特征函数,提出了有轨电车紧急制动控制的优化方法。[结果及结论]在制动过程中,电制动力和液压制动力之和可以根据列车载荷工况和速度工况进行实时调节。该优化方法实现了电制动、液压制动和磁轨制动3个制动力之和在制动过程中保持相对不变的目标,且紧急制动瞬时减速度处于基本恒定的状态。该优化方法还有效解决了紧急制动瞬时减速度波动较大、列车低速制动时纵向制动冲击率偏高等问题。[Objective]The emergency braking of trams is significantly vulnerable to the characteristics of magnetic rail braking.With changes in train load and train operating speed,the instantaneous deceleration of trams can fluctuate greatly.At low operating speed stage,the instantaneous deceleration of trams is prominent,which can cause substantial braking impact.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate an optimized emergency braking control method for trams.[Method]Through magnetic rail braking tests conducted on a specific tram line in China,the impact of various train load conditions and initial braking speeds on the magnetic rail braking friction characteristics of trams is examined.By fitting the test data,a characteristic function describing the variation of magnetic rail braking friction coefficient with speed is obtained.Based on this function,an optimized emergency braking control method for trams is proposed.[Result&Conclusion]During braking,the sum of the electric and hydraulic braking forces can be adjusted in real time according to the load and speed conditions of the train.This optimization method ensures that the combined braking force of electric,hydraulic,and magnetic rail braking remains relatively stable throughout the braking process,and the instantaneous deceleration during emergency braking remains constant.The method also effectively mitigates issues such as large fluctuations in instantaneous deceleration during emergency braking and excessive longitudinal braking impact at low train operating speed.

关 键 词：有轨电车 紧急制动控制 磁轨制动摩擦特性 

分 类 号：U482.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]