论布伦塔诺对西方近代伦理学基础原则的批判及其意义  

On Brentano’s Critique of the Foundational Principles of Modern Western Ethics and Its Significance

作　　者：张勤富 Zhang Qinfu(School of Philosophy,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学哲学学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期53-60,200,共9页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“布伦塔诺《道德知识的本源》翻译与研究”(20XZX015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：布伦塔诺对西方近代伦理学基础原则进行批判的缘由是要寻求克服伦理学危机与困境的出路,批判的依据是科学的知识原则,即内观原则。这一原则在伦理学知识上体现为明见性与有效性原则,据此,布伦塔诺批判了西方近代伦理学具有代表性的四种伦理学基础原则:克拉克的“自明”原则,功利主义的“后果”原则,沃拉斯顿的自然理性原则和康德的绝对命令原则。这一批判对于西方伦理学的发展具有重要的理论意义,表明西方近代伦理学的种种伦理学原则及其基础是不牢固的,这在根本上是由于西方近代的规范伦理学未能考察伦理认识的奠基问题而无法突破伦理学的理论困境。布伦塔诺由此提出伦理学的奠基问题,为西方近代伦理学转向现代伦理学奠定了基础,使得克服伦理学危机得以可能。The reason for Brentano’s critique of the foundational principles of modern Western ethics is to seek a way to overcome the crisis and dilemma of ethics.The basis for his critique is the scientific principle of knowledge,namely,the principle of introspection.This principle is reflected in ethical knowledge as the principles of clarity and validity.Accordingly,Brentano critiques four representative fundamental principles of modern Western ethics,namely Clarke’s principle of self-evidence,the utilitarian principle of consequences,Wollaston’s principle of natural reason,and Kant’s principle of absolute command.This critique has significant theoretical implications for the development of Western ethics,demonstrating that the various ethical principles and their foundations in modern Western ethics are unstable.This is fundamentally because modern Western normative ethics fails to investigate the foundational issue of ethical cognition,making it impossible to overcome the theoretical dilemmas of ethics.Consequently,Brentano raises the foundational issue of ethics,laying the groundwork for the transition from modern to contemporary ethics in Western thought,making it possible to overcome the ethical crisis.

关 键 词：布伦塔诺 伦理学原则 伦理学危机 近代伦理学批判 现代伦理学奠基 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]