书院治理的中国模式与历史经验  

The Chinese Model of Academy Governance and Historical Experience

作　　者：申国昌[1] 贺鹏丽[1] Shen Guochang;He Pengli(Faculty of Education,Central Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期119-127,204,205,共11页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2018年度教育学重大招标课题“建设教育强国的国际经验与中国路径研究”(VGA180002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：肩负并承载着儒学文化传承特殊历史使命的中国书院,源于古代私学而不囿于私学传统,吸取私学与官学的办学经验,兼容佛道精粹,博采众长,从而形成了中国古代一种独特的教育形态。中国传统书院掇菁撷华,有机整合私学的自由与官学的制度化管理,在抗衡博弈中融合众家治理之长,以儒家治理文化为本,借用佛教禅林传经之道,采纳道家无为而治思想,承袭民间社会治理传统,逐渐形成了以山长主导治理、职事辅助治理、生徒自修自治、士绅参与治理、政府强化治理的多元主体共治的治理模式。中国传统书院丰富的教育治理经验,如秉持自由自主的治理本旨、夯实行稳致远的治理基础、追求善治德治的治理鹄的、依托章程规约的治理依据、择取开放共享的治理方式与坚守学术自由的治理理念等,打造了中国模式,彰显了中国特色。The Chinese academies,carrying the special historical mission of Confucian cultural transmission,originated from ancient private schools but did not remain confined to the private education tradition.They absorbed the educational experiences of both private and official schools,integrated the essences of Buddhism and Taoism,and embraced various strengths to form a unique educational form in ancient China.The traditional Chinese academies organically combined the freedom of private schools with the institutionalized management of official schools.In the process of balancing and integrating the strengths of various governance methods,they established a governance model rooted in Confucian governance culture,borrowing the transmission methods from Buddhist monasteries,adopting the Taoist idea of non-action governance,and inheriting the governance traditions of civil society.This gradually formed a multi-subject co-governance model where the headmaster leads,staff assists,students’self-study and self-govern,gentry participate in governance,and the government strengthens governance.The rich educational governance experience of traditional Chinese academies,such as adhering to the essence of free and autonomous governance,laying a stable foundation for long-term governance,pursuing good and moral governance goals,relying on rules and regulations for governance,choosing an open and shared governance approach,and upholding the concept of academic freedom,has created the Chinese model and demonstrated Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：中国传统书院 书院治理 治理经验 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]