中国家庭历史转变:从夏商周的宗法制度到现代的多元共融  

Historical Transformation of the Chinese Family:From the Patriarchal System of the Xia,Shang,and Zhou Dynasties to the Pluralistic Communion of Modern Times

作　　者：王雪辉 WANG Xuehui(School of Social Development and Public Policy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院,上海200433

出　　处：《家政学刊》2024年第2期85-91,共7页Journal of Home Economics

摘　　要：中国家庭的历史演变是一个深刻反映社会结构和文化价值观变迁的过程。从夏商周时期的宗法制度到现代的多元共融,这一转变揭示了中国社会从严格的等级制度向个体自由选择的过渡。在夏商周时代,宗法制度是维系社会秩序的核心。这一制度以血缘关系为纽带,确立了家族内部的等级和权力结构,强调对祖先的尊崇和家族的延续。随着封建社会的确立,儒家思想的兴起进一步强化了家庭在社会中的地位。家庭成为传承道德规范和文化价值的基石,孝道成为维系家庭和谐的纽带。进入现代社会,尤其是改革开放以来,中国家庭结构和功能发生了显著变化。核心家庭成为主流,家庭成员的个人发展和自我实现受到重视。总之,中国家庭的历史转变是一个从传统宗法束缚向现代多元共融的演进。这一过程不仅见证了社会结构的变迁,也推动了文化价值观的更新。The historical evolution of Chinese family is a process that profoundly reflects changes in social structure and cultural values.The transition from the patriarchal system of Xia,Shang and Zhou periods to modern-day pluralistic communion reveals the transition of Chinese society from a strict hierarchical system to individual free choice.During the Xia,Shang and Zhou periods,the patriarchal system was the core of maintaining social order.This system established a hierarchical and power structure within a family based on blood ties,emphasizing the veneration of ancestors and the continuity of the family.With the establishment of feudal society,the rise of Confucianism further strengthened the position of family in society.Family became the cornerstone for the transmission of moral norms and cultural values,and filial piety became the bond that maintained family harmony.Entering the modern society,especially since the reform and opening up,the structure and function of family in China have undergone remarkable changes.The nuclear family has become the mainstream,and personal development and self-realization of family members are valued.In short,the historical transformation of the Chinese family is an evolution from traditional patriarchal bondage to modern pluralistic communion.This process has not only witnessed changes in social structure but has also promoted the renewal of cultural values.

关 键 词：家庭转变 宗法制度 儒家文化 核心家庭 多元共融 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]