论作为家庭美德的孝道在民事司法实践中的运用  

The Application of Filial Piety in Civil Judicial Practice

作　　者：朱晓峰[1] Zhu Xiaofeng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《京师法学》2023年第1期81-107,共27页

基　　金：2020年教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目(20JHQ074)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在家庭原子化加速的现代社会,作为中国传统人伦道德核心的孝道,在当代中国法律实践中仍然存在广泛影响。一方面,《民法典》在第八条规定了公序良俗原则,在第一千零四十三条规定了“家庭应当树立优良家风,弘扬家庭美德”这样的倡导性规范,在第一千零六十七条第二款规定了成年子女的赡养义务,为孝道进入民事司法实践提供了规范基础;另一方面,在民事司法实践当中,法院通过引入孝道来解释制定法中的一般原则和具体规定,为其准确理解和适用寻找正当性基础。由此,《民法典》第八条、第一千零四十三条、第一千零六十七条第二款以及《老年人权益保障法》第十四条等作为孝道在制定法上的载体,用来调整主要包括但不限于父母子女关系中的赡养关系及相应法律效果评价的问题。这样,在家庭关系的传统规范与现代理念的冲突与融合中,将司法实践中仍在发挥作用的孝道与《民法典》的具体规定结合起来,一方面,在解释论上可以使《民法典》的内在体系与外在体系在父母子女关系领域实现融贯,贯彻法典编纂的体系性目标;另一方面,在具体法律规则的运用及法律效果评价上,可以使相应判决的论证过程以看得见的方式呈现出来,夯实法院相应法律论证的正当性与合法性基础,使判决易被当事人和社会接受,有助于实现最高人民法院在指导案例93号中所强调的“确保司法裁判既经得起法律检验,也符合社会公平正义观念”的基本目标。In the modern society where the atomization of families is accelerating,filial piety,which is the core of traditional Chinese ethics,still has extensive influence in contemporary Chinese legal practice.On the one hand,the Civil Code stipulates the principle of public order and good morals in Article 8,the norm of“families should establish good family values and promote family virtues”in Article 1043,and the obligation of adult to provide support for their parents in Article 1067(2),providing a normative basis for filial piety to enter civil judicial practice;on the other hand,in civil judicial practice,the court interprets the general principles and specific provisions in the statute by introducing the concept of filial piety to find legitimate basis for these principles and provisions.Thus,Article 8,Article 1043,Paragraph 2 of Article 1067 of the Civil Code,and Article 14 of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly are regarded as the carrier of filial piety in statutory law and are mainly used to regulate issues including but not limited to the relationship of support in the parent-child relationship and the evaluation of the corresponding legal effects.In this way,in the conflict and integration of traditional norms and modern concepts of family relations,filial piety,which still functions in judicial practice,is combined with the specific provisions of the Civil Code,which,on the one hand,can make the internal and external systems of the Civil Code coherent in the field of parent-child relations and implement the systematic goal of codification;on the other hand,in terms of the application of specific legal rules and evaluation of legal effects,it can make the argumentation process of the corresponding judgment visible,strengthen the legitimate basis of the courts legal argument,make the judgment easily accepted by the parties and the society,and help achieve the basic goal of“ensuring that judicial decisions can stand the test of law and conform to the concept of social fair

关 键 词：孝道 赡养 父母子女关系 家庭美德 人伦道德 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]