从人类学本体论转向视角探讨时轮历宇宙结构  

Exploring the Cosmic Structure of the Kalachakra C the Perspective of Anthropological Ontology

作　　者：拉毛吉[1] La Maoji

机构地区：[1]西藏大学中华民族共同体研究院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《西藏研究》2025年第1期75-87,158,共14页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：2021年度西藏大学配套与培育“提升”项目“科学哲学与科学史视野下的藏族天文历算”(项目编号:ZDTSJH21-09);2020年度西藏大学专项资金“苯教天文历算文献整理与研究”(国家基金配套项目,项目编号:19BMZ035)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人类学、社会学应现代性而诞生。过去与现代、自然与文化、人与物成为人类学关注的焦点。在哲学领域,从康德到黑格尔,再到现象学家和后现代主义学者都试图弥补主客体之间的沟壑,符号学家也曾尝试抛弃主客两极来解决这一困境。然而,无论是哲学家,还是符号学家都进一步加深了主客体之间的距离,加剧了自然与文化、自然与社会之间的分离。时至今日,人类学本体论转向,跳出以人为主体的视阈,尝试解决长久以来主客体之间形成的二元分立。用新的视角解读时轮历宇宙结构所包含的缘起逻辑、宇宙本原、时空观,不仅呈现出中华文化组成部分的藏历宇宙结构独特的几何图式与宇宙模型之科学性,而且反映出东方文化共享的二元认知结构与相似的思维原则,二元的对立在相似性原则下相对应、相联系,形成集天、地、人于一体的宇宙结构,从而发展出大、小宇宙合一的生态观,自然与文化合一的道德观。这样的宇宙观、生态观与道德观将促进人与自然的和谐发展。Anthropology and sociology emerged in response to modernity,with the dichotomies of past versus modern,nature versus culture,and human versus object becoming focal points of anthropological inquiry.The contemporary ontological turn in anthropology endeavors to resolve this long-standing subject-object dualism by moving beyond anthropocentric perspectives.Examining the Kalachakra calendar's cosmic structure including its dependent origination logic,cosmic principles,and spatiotemporal concepts through this new lens not only reveals the scientific nature of its unique geometric patterns and cosmic models but also reflects the dual cognitive structures and similar thinking principles shared across Eastern cultures.Within these principles of similarity,binary oppositions correspond and interconnect,forming a cosmic structure that integrates heaven,earth,and humanity.This integration develops into an ecological view unifying macrocosm and microcosm,and a moral perspective that harmonizes nature and culture.Such cosmological,ecological,and moral perspectives promote harmonious development between humans and nature.

关 键 词：时轮历 宇宙结构 人类学本体论转向 宇宙观 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]