我国心理咨询隐私保护的困境与法治应对  

Dilemma and legal response of privacy protection in psychological counseling in China

作　　者：郑延延 李思源[1] 杨成 张晓爱 张博源[1] ZHENG Yanyan;LI Siyuan;YANG Cheng;ZHANG Xiaoai;ZHANG Boyuan(School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学医学人文学院,北京100069

出　　处：《卫生软科学》2025年第3期37-42,共6页Soft Science of Health

基　　金：北京市社科基金研究基地重点项目(19JDFXA004)。

摘　　要：为合理划定心理咨询中的隐私保护范围,明确隐私保护例外情形的基本规范,建立一套完备且具备实操性的程序性隐私保护规范,对心理咨询中来访者的隐私进行全服务周期的保护。文章通过对中外文献、相关司法案例、权威官方发布信息等的收集、分析以及对心理咨询师群体开展重要知情人访谈,了解目前的法理基础及法治环境,最终梳理出存在的问题包括:我国心理咨询目前存在隐私保护范围不清晰,保护方式不够完善;保护规则过于泛化,针对保密的例外情形缺乏统一共识,欠缺保障具有较高风险来访者、未成年群体、涉及司法调查等特殊来访者隐私的具体规范;保护机制不完善,缺乏全周期的保护。同时,提出如下建议:应当依法确定来访者隐私边界;确立隐私保护例外的基本规范,尤其针对较高风险来访者、未成年群体以及涉嫌违法犯罪的人员的司法调查做出具体处置规范;确定适用于咨询全周期的程序性隐私保护规则。This paper reasonably delineates the scope of privacy protection in psychological counseling,clarifies the basic norms for exceptions to privacy protection,and establishes a set of complete and practical procedural privacy protection norms to protect the privacy of clients in psychological counseling throughout the whole process.This paper collects and analyzes Chinese and foreign literature,relevant judicial cases,and authoritative and official information,as well as conducts key informant interviews with counselors to understand the current jurisprudential base and rule of law environment.The existing problems are sorted out as follows:At present,the scope of privacy protection in psychological counseling in China is not clear,and methods of protection are inadequate;the rules of protection are too general,and there is a lack of consensus on exceptions to confidentiality;there is a lack of specific norms to protect the privacy of special clients such as high-risk clients,minors and those involved in judicial investigations;and the protection mechanism is imperfect,and there is a lack of protection throughout the whole process.At the same time,the following suggestions are put forward.The boundaries of clients privacy should be established by law.Basic norms for exceptions to privacy protection should be established,especially for higher-risk clients,minors and criminal suspects in judicial investigations.Procedural privacy protection norms should be established that apply to the whole process.

关 键 词：心理咨询 隐私 保护 个人信息 法治 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学] B849[医药卫生—医学心理学] D92[医药卫生—基础医学]