新技术驱动的丘陵农机与农业智能化  

Hillside agricultural machinery and agricultural intelligence driven by new technologies

作　　者：乔红[1] 吕彦锋 郑恩昊 QIAO Hong;LYU Yanfeng;ZHENG Enhao(Institute of Automation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自动化研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2025年第2期328-337,共10页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家农业科技重大项目。

摘　　要：丘陵山地在我国农业生产中具有重要作用,但其农作物耕种管收综合机械化率较低,严重制约了农业现代化进程。丘陵地区地形复杂、农作物种植多样性强,这些特点要求研发专门适应丘陵地形和多元作物的农机装备或农业机器人。为了推动这一进程,近年来国家出台了一系列政策支持丘陵山区农机装备的研发,这些政策为丘陵农机的发展提供了有力保障。在此背景下,文章介绍了国内外丘陵农机的现状与进展,重点探讨了智能化技术(包括智能导航、感知算法、农业信息模型等)在丘陵农业中的应用,并提出了丘陵智慧农业的智能化应对策略。通过具身智能技术的前期探索,展示了智能化新技术在降低农业人工劳力投入、提高生产效能方面的潜力。最后,提出了丘陵农机未来发展趋势与建议,包括推进农田宜机化改造、鼓励高技术在现代农业中的应用与研发等,以期为丘陵地区农业现代化发展提供参考。Hilly and mountainous areas play a crucial role in China's agricultural production.However,the low level of comprehensive mechanization for crop cultivation,planting,and harvesting in these regions severely hampers the modernization of agriculture.The complex terrain and diverse cropping patterns in hilly areas necessitate the development of specialized agricultural machinery and robots tailored to these unique landscapes.To advance this process,the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies in recent years to support the research and development of agricultural machinery for hilly regions,providing strong backing for the advancement of agricultural technology in these areas.Against this backdrop,this paper presents the current status and progress of agricultural machinery for hilly regions,both domestically and internationally.It focuses on exploring the application of intelligent technologies,including smart navigation,perception algorithms,and agricultural information models(AIM)in hillside agriculture and proposes strategies for smart farming in these areas.Through preliminary explorations of embodied intelligence technologies,the potential of intelligent new technologies in reducing labor input and enhancing agricultural productivity is demonstrated.Finally,the insights into future development trends and recommendations are offered,including the promotion of farmland mechanization and the encouragement of high-tech applications in modern agriculture,to provide guidance for the modernization of agriculture in hilly and mountainous regions.

关 键 词：丘陵农机 农业智能 人形机器人 具身智能 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]