基于卡尔曼融合的双通道微弱信号采集系统设计与实现  

Design and implementation of dual-channel weak signal acquisition system based on Kalman fusion

作　　者：卓光加 董彩萍 郭拓 刘建国[3] Zhuo Guangjia;Dong Caiping;Guo Tuo;Liu Jianguo(School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 712099,China;Naval Aviation University,Yantai 264000,China;School of Marine Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学电子信息与人工智能学院,陕西西安712099 [2]海军航空大学,山东烟台264000 [3]西北工业大学航海学院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《电子技术应用》2025年第3期98-104,共7页Application of Electronic Technique

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBMS-561);陕西省重点研发计划(2024GX-YBXM-262)。

摘　　要：针对设备在水下磁异常信号检测中难以有效采集、模数转换器动态范围受限导致信噪比较低、微弱信号易被噪声淹没等问题,设计一种基于国产现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)的高精度磁异常信号采集系统。为了提升信号的信噪比与动态范围,在分别采用2倍和8倍的增益前级处理后,通过高精度多通道模数转换芯片ADS1278与紫光Logos系列FPGA对三轴磁通门输出的微弱磁异常信号进行采集,并将采集的信号平均加权进行初步数据融合后使用卡尔曼滤波对融合数据进行二次修正。试验结果表明,融合后的信号精度明显优于单通道的采集信号,在使用双通道A/D采集频率为200 Hz、幅值为500μV的微弱信号时,信噪比提高26.099 dB,有效提高了数据采集系统的动态范围。Aiming at the problems that the equipment is difficult to effectively collect underwater magnetic anomaly signal detection,the dynamic range of analog-to-digital converter is limited,resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio,and weak signals are easily submerged by noise.This thesis designs a high-precision magnetic anomaly signal acquisition system based on domestic field-programmable gate array(FPGA).In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range of the signal,this paper uses the high-precision multi-channel analog-to-digital conversion chip ADS1278 and the Unisplendour Logos series FPGA to collect the weak magnetic anomaly signal output by the three-axis fluxgate after using 2 times and 8 times gain pre-processing respectively,and then uses the Kalman filter to perform secondary correction on the fused data after the average weighted average of the collected signals for preliminary data fusion.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the fused signal is significantly better than that of the single-channel acquisition signal.When using dual-channel AD to acquire weak signals with a frequency of 200 Hz and an amplitude of 500μV,the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 26.099 dB,effectively improving the dynamic range of the data acquisition system.

关 键 词：信号采集系统 磁异常信号 双通道融合 动态范围 卡尔曼滤波 

分 类 号：TN929.3[电子电信—通信与信息系统]