马克思思想建构中的“洛克因素”——以对“天赋观念论”的批判为例  

The “Locke Factor” in the Formation of Marx's Thought:Taking the Criticism of Innatism as an Example

作　　者：聂锦芳[1] Nie Jinfang

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2025年第2期5-22,172,共19页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：洛克在其“经验论”哲学的代表作《人类理解论》第一卷中,详尽地批判了“天赋观念论”,指出“天赋原则”是一种“虚妄”的“假设”,“天赋观念论”者所持的“普遍同意说”和“理性发现”原则并不能支持其主张,而同一性、数学公式、实体、语言和“记忆”等观念均不具有“天赋”性特征。将近200年之后,马克思在其思想建构过程中吸收了洛克思想中的有益因素和成分,在一系列著述中逐一作出“回应”,不仅自觉地剥夺了观念形成的任何“天赋”的可能性,更将其奠基于现代资本社会的现实土壤之上及其不断生成、变化过程之中予以观照和透视,从而大大推进了洛克这些方面的认识。辨析马克思思想建构中的“洛克因素”及其所实现的超越,既从一个思想史“个案”的视角反映了马克思主义与西方思想传统之间不可分割的内在关联,也昭示出马克思借助社会历史的变迁和时代问题的转换所完成的思想变革的内涵及其意义。In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke critically addressed the theory of innate ideas, arguing that the notion of “innate principles” is a “false” assumption.He refuted central claims of innatism, such as the principles of “universal assent” and“rational discovery”, showing that they fail to support an argument for innate ideas.Locke also claimed that concepts like identity, mathematical formulas, entities, language as well as memory do not exhibit innate properties. Almost two centuries later, Marx absorbed key elements of Locke's philosophy into his own by responding to them in a series of writings. Marx not only denied any innate foundation for ideas but also analyzed Locke's theory under the context of modern capitalist society, thus deepening our understanding of Locke's views. Examining the “Locke influence” on Marx's thought highlights the intrinsic connection between Marxism and Western intellectual traditions, while also illustrating how Marx's ideas were transformed through historical changes and evolving social issues.

关 键 词：马克思 洛克 天赋观念论 社会历史 

分 类 号：B-0[哲学宗教]