重解海德格尔实践哲学——对沃尔皮的一种补充  

Re-examining Heidegger's Practical Philosophy:A Supplement to Franco Volpi's Philosophy

作　　者：刘明峰 Liu Mingfeng

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2025年第2期147-160,174,共15页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：20世纪80年代,意大利哲学家沃尔皮在将海德格尔与亚里士多德进行对照解读的基础上,指出前者的哲学是对后者实践哲学的存在论化。该观点影响深远,成为理解海德格尔实践哲学问题的经典范式之一。但由于主客观原因,沃尔皮的解读主要根据海德格尔调任马堡大学后的课程和《存在与时间》,至少遗漏了1919-1923年间的思想。此期间其思想可被冠以“实势性诠释学”之名,后者在外与内视角相结合的重新解读下显示出其本身作为实践哲学的意涵。就外在而言,实势性诠释学的核心意涵是对当下处境的占有,这可类比于亚里士多德对实践智慧的规定,即在对处境“审时度势”的基础上作出正确选择。就内在而言,海德格尔从原则上将解释着实际生命的哲学界定为“认识行为”,它与诠释学统一于此在践行着的生存活动,即哲学本身就是实践的。重解海德格尔实践哲学,是基于对实势性诠释学更深刻的理解,确立其在海德格尔思想中独立地位的尝试,也是基于更丰富的文献资源对沃尔皮的补充。In the 1980s, Italian philosopher Franco Volpi, by means of a comparative analysis of Heidegger's and Aristotle's philosophies, argued that Heidegger's thought represents an ontological transformation of Aristotle's practical philosophy. This interpretation has become a significant framework for understanding Heidegger's practical philosophy.However, Volpi's analysis only draws from Heidegger's later works, especiallyBeing and Timeand his lectures at Marburg University, overlooking his ideas from the 1919-1923 period. During this time, Heidegger's philosophy can be conceived as a “hermeneutics of facticity. ” Under a reconsideration from both the external and internal perspective, this hermeneutics reveals its very nature as a practical philosophy. Externally, it emphasizes the mastery of one's present situation, akin to Aristotle's concept of phronesis, i. e.,making informed decisions. Internally, it views the interpretation of factual life as an act of knowing, the latter of which is integrated with hermeneutics in Dasein's existential practice. Reinterpreting Heidegger's practical philosophy will help us establish its independent significance and enrich Volpi's analysis.

关 键 词：实践哲学 实势性诠释学 纳托普报告 实践智慧 

分 类 号：B516.54[哲学宗教—外国哲学]