认同置换、精英动员与分离固化:地区性民族分离主义运动如何解构国家认同  

Identity Replacement,Elite Mobilization and Solidified Separation:How Regional Ethnic Separation Movement Deconstructs National Identity

作　　者：李溪泽 肖克[1] Xize Li;Ke Xiao

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院,长春130117

出　　处：《世界民族》2025年第1期26-41,共16页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民粹主义跨境传播对政治稳定的挑战研究”(20BZZ096)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：地区性民族分离主义运动与国家认同解构相伴相生,但国家认同解构不应仅被认为是地区性民族分离主义运动发生的静态原因,更是在地区性民族分离主义运动发展过程中产生的动态结果。根据分离主义过程论,地区性民族分离主义运动的发展包含三个关键环节:意识形态、精英领导和分离主义组织,分别对应地区认同对国家认同解构过程:干扰、对立和僭越,即首先,在意识形态建构阶段通过认同置换,将地区认同依托民族主义并对标国家认同进行建构,使其成为国家认同降低时能够顺势“补位”的可替代性认同以备置换;其次,精英通过“情绪-行为”动员模式,利用民众的基本需求对中央进行负面叙事,煽动怨恨和焦虑情绪,驱动民众将上一阶段的隐性心理认同外化为显性政治行动,使地区认同对立于国家认同;最后,分离主义组织固化分离行径,完成从暂时性分离主义运动向固定性政治组织的转变,推动地区国家化,使地区认同僭越于国家认同。理解地区性民族分离主义运动解构国家认同之逻辑,对化解相应挑战至关重要。Regional ethnic separation movement and the deconstruction of national identity always go hand in hand,but the deconstruction of national identity should be considered not only as the static cause for the rise of regional ethnic separation movement,but also as the dynamic result from the development process of regional ethnic separation movement.According to the process theory of separatism,the development of regional ethnic separation movement includes three key links,namely,ideology,elite leadership and separatist organization,which correspond to the deconstruction process by regional identity to national identity:first,disruption,opposition,and encroachment,that is,at the ideological construction stage,through identity substitution,regional identity is constructed based on nationalism and juxtaposed with national identity,making it an alternative identity that can be put in place when national identity declines;second,elites use the“emotion-behavior”mobilization model to narrate negative stories about the central government to meet the basic demand of the local public,incite feelings of resentment and anxiety,and drive the local public to externalize their implicit psychological identity from the previous stage into explicit political actions,to bring about the opposition of regional identity to national identity;finally,separatist organizations solidify separation actions,completing the transition from temporary separation movement to fixed political organizations,promoting regional nationalization,and causing regional identity to encroach upon national identity.Understanding the logic of how regional ethnic separation movement deconstructs national identity is crucial for resolving the corresponding challenges.

关 键 词：地区性民族分离主义运动 国家认同 认同解构 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]