“强社会”对抗“弱国家”——利比亚伊斯兰社会主义国家建构的兴落及其影响  

"Strong Society"VS."Weak State":The Rise and Fall of Islamic Socialist State Construction in Libya and its Impacts

作　　者：韩志斌[1] 谢宇科 Zhibin Han;Yuke Xie

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,西安710068

出　　处：《世界民族》2025年第1期55-66,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2023年度重大招标项目“中东史学通史(五卷本)”(23VLS027)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：多元、破碎的部落社会与孱弱的新生民族国家,塑造了利比亚典型的“强社会——弱国家”结构体系。“强社会”对抗“弱国家”成为影响利比亚伊斯兰社会主义国家建构成败的主要因素。赛努西君主制政权未能给利比亚伊斯兰社会主义国家建构留下有益的历史遗产。卡扎菲执政后的政治动员和社会整合未达到预期效果,转而发动民众革命。卡扎菲主要使用分化、拉拢的手段治理利比亚部落社会,围绕去制度化的民众国体制、威权统治、地租经济以及部落政治文化改造建构“强国家”,但最终以失败而告终。利比亚伊斯兰社会主义国家建构失败的根本原因在于:卡扎菲政权未能破解“弱国家”治理“强社会”的困局,反而造成“强社会”对抗“弱国家”的态势。由于“强社会”对抗“弱国家”的国家底色,利比亚距离实现长治久安且稳定的国家建构还有很长的路要走。A diverse and fractured tribal society and a weak new nation-state have shaped Libya’s typical political and social structure featuring“strong society vs.weak state”.The confrontation between“strong society”and“weak state”has become the main factor affecting the success and failure of the construction of an Islamic socialist state in Libya.The Senussi monarchy failed to leave a useful historical legacy for the construction of an Islamic socialist state in Libya.Gaddafi’s political mobilization and social integration efforts after taking power did not work well,and then he launched a popular revolution.Gaddafi mainly used the means of division and buying over to govern the Libyan tribal society,and tried to build a“strong state”based on the deinstitutionalized Jamahiriya system,authoritarian rule,rentier economy,as well as tribal politics and culture,which eventually ended in failure.The fundamental reason for the failure of Libya’s Islamic socialist state construction is that the Gaddafi regime failed to break the dilemma of“weak state”governing“strong society”,but exacerbated the conflict between“strong society”and“weak state”instead.In this sense,Libya has a long way to go to achieve long-term and stable state-building,as it is in a situation where a“strong society”confronts a“weak state”.

关 键 词：利比亚 伊斯兰社会主义 国家建构 强社会 弱国家 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]