关于“良心之争”的新思考——来自镜像神经元理论的疏解和证明  

The Debate on Conscience and Its Explanation and Confirmation in Mirror Neuron Theory

作　　者：王锟 Wang Kun

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2025年第2期50-59,175,176,共12页Philosophical Trends

摘　　要：20世纪以来,随着理性主义、实证主义兴起,孟子以“孺子将入于井”为示例的良心说因其证成方式存在问题而受到质疑。熊十力与冯友兰就良心是“呈现”还是“假定”进行争论,而镜像神经元理论为回应这一质疑和争论提供了契机。该理论认为,自然进化赋予人类大脑丰富复杂的镜像神经元,正是透过镜像神经元的内在模仿机制,人天生具有恻隐之心和感同身受的能力。通过镜像神经元活动机制可知,人的良心以镜像神经元为生物基础,良心是自然呈现而不是理性假定,是实时体验而不是推理思考,是客观而不是主观。通过镜像神经元的参与,“将心比心、推己及人”是可能实现的。镜像神经元理论可有力回应理性主义、实证主义的挑战,使良心说再次得到印证。During the Warring States period,Mencius heatedly debated with scholars such as Gaozi on the issue of human nature.In their debate,Mencius discussed the issue from the perspective of the difference between human beings and animals.He believed that human nature was neither a natural instinct nor a physiological desire involving food and sex,but an innate good conscience.In particular,his example of“seeing a child about to enter a well”has always enabled Chinese people to obtain evidence of their internal good conscience,which supported the Chinese moral value system.Compared to the Western moral value system based on God,the Chinese system is based on good conscience.Mencius'“conscience theory”has become one of the most influential ideas in the history of Chinese philosophy,unveiling the banner of“conscience theory”while upholding the dignity and value of human nature.Since the 20th century and the rise of modern rationalism and positivism,Mencius'theory of conscience,using the example of“seeing a child about to enter a well”,has been questioned due to its evidential approach.Xiong Shili熊十力and Feng Youlan冯友兰had a heated debate on whether conscience should be“presented”or“assumed”.Feng Youlan interpreted Mencius'theory of good nature through rationalism,since he believed that Mencius thought of human nature is a logical concept rather than a factual concept,and good conscience is a rational“hypothesis”that“should be unconditionally assumed in morality”.On the contrary,Xiong Shili's conception of a good conscience started from direct experience,and he believed that it is a true and genuine manifestation of human nature,which can be directly experienced and affirmed in the present moment from the example of“seeing a child about to enter a well”.It is obvious that the focus of the debate between Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili is not to deny good conscience itself,but to convince people of the existence of conscience in what way.That is to say,the essence of the dispute betw

关 键 词：孟子良心说 熊十力与冯友兰之争 孺子将入于井 镜像神经元理论 

分 类 号：B25[哲学宗教—中国哲学]