“上岸热”现象背后教育生产和筛选功能的再认知——基于劳动力市场部门分割的教育收益率分析  

Re-recognition of the Productive and Screening Functions of Education Behind the Phenomenon of “Shang An Re” :Analysis of Educational Returns Based on Labor Market Segmentation

作　　者：杜育红[1] 樊丽 杨小敏 Du Yuhong;Fan Li;Yang Xiaomin(the Institute of Economics of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;the Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;the China Institute of Education Policy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育经济研究所,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学中国教育政策研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国远程教育》2025年第2期33-53,共21页Chinese Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2024年度教育学重大项目“支撑教育强国建设的战略性投入机制研究”(项目编号:VKA240011)。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,中国劳动力市场呈现出教育收益率下降趋势,但以“上岸热”现象为标志的个人教育投资竞争日益激烈。在部门分割的中国劳动力市场中,教育究竟是以人力资本的形成发挥生产功能还是通过学历信号发挥筛选功能?本研究基于CGSS九个年份数据得出的结果更支持“弱筛选”理论,但公共部门的工资溢价主要源于教育的筛选功能,非公共部门更多依赖于教育的生产功能。异质性分析发现,随着工作经验增加,教育的筛选功能在公共部门中的影响减弱,教育的生产功能在非公共部门中的作用也减小。教育筛选功能的动态变化反映了公共部门强调教育信号与信号失灵的矛盾。对男性劳动者来说教育功能在不同部门的发挥情况与总样本一致,但对女性劳动者则没有显著影响,这或许揭示了劳动力市场存在性别问题。故建议提升教育的实用价值以推动“学历教育”向“学力教育”转变,打破部门间教育信号壁垒以促进劳动力市场人才自由流动,助力女性将教育优势转化为职业优势。Since the beginning of the 21st century, the returns to education in China's labor market have shown a declining trend, yet the competition for individual educational investment, exemplified by the phenomenon of the “Shang An Re”, has become increasingly fierce. In the context of China's segmented labor market, does education primarily fulfill a productive function through the formation of human capital or a screening function via credential signaling? This article analyzes data from nine waves of CGSS. The findings provide stronger support for the“weak screening”theory. However, wage premiums in the public sector are primarily driven by the screening function of education, whereas the non-public sector relies more on the productive function of education. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that as work experience increases, the screening function of education in the public sector gradually diminishes, while the productive function of education in the non-public sector also gradually declines. The dynamic changes in the screening function of education reflect the tension in the public sector between emphasizing educational signals and the diminishing reliability of these signals over time. Gender heterogeneity analyses indicate that the educational functions for male workers align with the overall sample findings across different sectors, whereas no significant effects are observed for female workers. This, to some extent, highlights the potential existence of gender discrimination in the current labor market. Based on these findings, it is recommended to enhance the practical value of education to promote a shift from“credential-based education”to“competence-based education”.Additionally, breaking down inter-sectoral educational signal barriers is essential to facilitate the free flow of talents in the labor market. Lastly, enabling women to transform their educational advantages into career advantages.

关 键 词：教育功能 部门分割 教育收益率 “上岸热” 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]