预腐化生物质的添加及水分管理对赤泥土壤化的协同促进效应  

Synergistic effect of pre-decomposed biomass and moisture management on soilamelioration of bauxite residues

作　　者：王贵珍 张贝甲 Zafran Gul Wazir 时晴晴 侯国琴 刘璟 赵鑫 刘爱菊[2] WANG Guizhen;ZHANG Beijia;Wazir Zafran Gul;SHI Qingqing;HOU Guoqin;LIU Jing;ZHAO Xin;LIU Aiju(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049 [2]山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,淄博255049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第2期250-267,共18页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42077129);山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(No.ZR2020ZD19);山东省重点研发计划(No.2019GSF109058);淄博市重点研发计划(市内校城融合)项目(No.2021SNPT0012)。

摘　　要：为解决赤泥安全、规模化的处置问题,以拜耳法赤泥为研究对象,分析比较了添加不同预腐化生物质对赤泥基质盐碱性、物理结构的改良作用及微生物群落构建的影响,以明晰腐化生物质促进赤泥基质土壤化改良的作用机制及其调控措施,为赤泥生态化处置工程提供理论和数据参考.由于玉米秸秆量大、易得、成本低并能有效改善土壤问题,且在适宜的水分管理下不仅能降低改良成本,还能加速赤泥基质土壤化进程.因此,本试验在含水率分别为20%、40%、60%和干湿交替水分管理下,分别设置添加2%和5%的未腐化秸秆、生物腐化秸秆和化学氧化秸秆以及纯赤泥对照等7个处理.结果表明:经过1年时间培养后,添加5%预腐化秸秆生物质对赤泥基质的改良效果优于2%的添加量,且在含水率为40%和干湿交替水分管理下,与未腐化处理生物质相比,经生物和化学腐化处理的生物质均可显著降低赤泥碱化度(Exchangeable sodium saturation percentage,ESP)、促进赤泥颗粒团聚、提升大颗粒团聚体稳定性、增加球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Glomalin-related soil protein,GRSP)含量及提高微生物群落丰富度和多样性.其中,在含水率为40%水分管理下,添加5%化学氧化生物质的处理组赤泥基质土壤化改良效果最为显著:①赤泥的pH值和ESP分别降至9.57和44.3%,大粒径团聚体(2~1 mm)占比增至13.95%,有机质(SOC)含量达到10.05 mg·g^(-1);②其微生物群落丰富度和多样性也显著高于其他处理组,同时,易提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Extractable glomalin-related soil protein,EEGRSP)和总提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Total glomalin-related soil protein,T-GRSP)含量分别增至1.48 mg·g^(-1)和4.57 mg·g^(-1).主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)表明,各添加预腐化生物质处理组的微生物群落组成呈现明显的聚类特征,且与BR纯赤泥组之间则呈显著的分离趋势.经进一步的�In order to solve the problem of safe and large-scale disposal of bauxite residues,this paper compares the effects of different pre-corrupted biomass on the improvement of bauxite residues by analyzing its salinity,physical structure and microbial community construction,etc.Seven bauxites treatments,amended with 2%or 5%of unrated straw,bio-decomposed straw and chemical oxidized straw,respectively,and pure bauxite residues were cultured under 20%,40%,60%of moisture management as well as wet and dry management,and then the rehabilitation of bauxite residues was determined regularly.The results showed that after 1 year of cultivation,the improvement effect of 5%pre-corrupted straw biomass on the bauxite residues matrix was better than that of 2%addition.While under the moisture content of 40%and alternating dry and wet water management,the precorrupted biomass amendment could significantly reduce the exchangeable sodium saturation percentage(ESP)of bauxite residues and promote the agglomeration of bauxite residues particles,compared with the undecomposed biomass treatments.These were well characterized by the stability of large particle aggregates,the content of Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP),and the richness and diversity of microbial communities in detail.Moreover,the improvement effect of bauxite residues treated with 5%chemical oxidized biomass was the most significant,especially under the water management with a moisture content of 40%.That is,①The pH value and ESP of bauxite residues decreased to 9.57 and 44.3%,respectively,and the proportion of large aggregates(2~1 mm)increased to 13.95%,and the content of soil organic carbon(SOC)reached 10.05 mg·g^(-1);②The richness and diversity of microbial communities were also significantly higher than those of the other improving treatments;③Finally,the contents of Extractable glomalin-related soil protein(EE-GRSP)and Total glomalin-related soil protein(T-GRSP)increased to 1.48 mg·g^(-1)and 4.57 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Principal component analysis(PCA)showe

关 键 词：赤泥土壤化 预腐化处理 生物质 团聚体 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X705