融合视觉标定与斑点检测算法的PCB钻孔定位方法  

Fusion of visual calibration and spot detection algorithm for PCB drilling positioning

作　　者：杨铎[1,2] 张书晨 陈昕 易鹏飞 吴宏伟 YANG Duo;ZHANG Shuchen;CHEN Xin;YI Pengfei;WU Hongwei(Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing(Ministry of Education),College of Mechanical Engineering,College of Software Engineering,Dalian University,Dalian 116622,China;Qianyan Technology(Dalian)Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116622,China;Guangdong Shiyun Electronic Circuit Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jiangmen 529700,China;Counterclockwise Chip Technology(Dalian)Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116622,China)

机构地区：[1]大连大学机械工程学院软件工程学院,先进设计与智能计算教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连116622 [2]谦研科技(大连)有限公司,辽宁大连116622 [3]广东世运电路科技股份有限公司,广东江门529700 [4]逆时针芯片科技(大连)有限公司,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《应用光学》2025年第1期178-185,共8页Journal of Applied Optics

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(青年项目)(LJKQZ2021172);广东省江门市科技特派员科研项目(2023760300230008495);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230704876283529);大连大学交叉学科项目(DLUXK-2024-QN-013,DLUXK-2023-QN-013)。

摘　　要：为了解决目前PCB(printed circuit board)钻孔定位方法中多次标定的问题,提出了一种新的PCB钻孔定位方法,融合了视觉标定和斑点检测算法,能适应动态变化的拍摄环境,提高了PCB钻孔定位时的鲁棒性。这一方法基于张正友标定法,通过多视角拍摄标定板以获取相机参数和畸变系数。之后,利用这些参数校正PCB图像,并运用多尺度空间斑点检测算法提取PCB图像中的钻孔点中心坐标。最终,借助相机参数和PCB钻孔点的图像坐标,成功地还原了PCB钻孔点的三维空间坐标,实现了高效的钻孔点定位。通过实验得出,本文方法的定位精度可在0.1 mm上下浮动,平均定位误差可以控制在0.05 mm~0.07 mm。结果表明,本文方法具备一定的操作灵活性和鲁棒性,符合PCB机械钻孔加工需求。To address the issue of multiple calibrations in current printed circuit board(PCB)drilling positioning methods,a novel PCB drilling positioning method that integrated visual calibration and spot detection algorithms was proposed,which could adapt to dynamically changing shooting environments,thereby improving the robustness of PCB drilling positioning.The proposed method was based on Zhang's calibration method,and the camera parameters as well as distortion coefficients were obtained by shooting the calibration board from multiple angles.These parameters were then used to correct the PCB image,and a multi-scale spatial spot detection algorithm was employed to extract the center coordinates of the drilling points in the PCB image.Finally,with the help of camera parameters and image coordinates of PCB drilling points,the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of PCB drilling points were successfully reconstructed,and efficient drilling point positioning was realized.Through the experiment,the positioning accuracy of this method fluctuates around 0.1 mm,with an average positioning error controlled within 0.05 mm~0.07 mm.The results show that this method possesses a certain degree of operational flexibility and robustness,which meets the requirements of PCB mechanical drilling processing.

关 键 词：PCB 视觉标定 斑点检测算法 三维坐标 多点定位 

分 类 号：TN911[电子电信—通信与信息系统] TP391[电子电信—信息与通信工程]