老残一体化:中国式长期护理的制度渐进主义  

Integration of Elderly Persons and Persons with Disabilities as Care Recipients:Institutional Incrementalism in Chinese-style Long-term Care

作　　者：朱荟[1] 王舒艳 ZHU Hui;WANG Shuyan

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会学院南开大学残疾人事业发展研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2025年第1期50-60,共11页Disability Research

摘　　要：如何从理论和实践对长期护理制度进行评价并作出展望成为学界函待回应的重要议题。面对学界对长期护理讨论存在的风险视角之差、政策导向之辩和社商保险定位之争,完善中国式长期护理政策体系需坚持制度渐进主义,始终坚持实际导向和问题导向、多元利益主体的相互调适和渐进式改革的实践路径。中国式长期护理制度历经摸索奠基、分立发展、融合实践三个阶段,在制度设计、保障对象、保障内容和制度实施上均呈现老残一体化的渐进式发展特征。与发达国家的长期护理制度比较来看,中国式长期护理制度植根本国国情,坚持以人民为中心,具有中国之治的典型特征。展望未来,中国式长期护理制度在坚持制度渐进主义的实践中仍然面临重重困境,函需从夯实底层逻辑和明晰实践路径两个方面出发,通过渐进发展实现整体构建。How to theoretically and practically assess the long-term care system and evaluate its prospect has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the academic circle.In the face of diverging risk perspectives on discussion,policy-oriented debates and disputes over the positioning of social and commercial insurance regarding long-term care in the academic circle,the improvement of Chinese-style long-term care policy system needs to adhere to the institutional incrementalism,and always adhere to the practical orientation and problem orientation,the mutual adjustment of multiple stakeholders and the practical path of incremental reform.The development of Chinese-style long-term care policy system has gone through three phases,namely exploration and foundation,separate development and integrated practice,with incremental development characteristics of integration of elderly persons and persons with disabilities as care recipients in terms of system design,target care recipients,content of security and system implementation.Compared with long-term care systems in developed countries,the Chinese-style long-term care system is rooted in China's national conditions and adheres to a people-centered approach with typical features of Chinese governance.Looking ahead,the implementation of Chinese-style long-term care system still faces many challenges in adhering to institutional incrementalism,and it is imperative to realize the overall construction through incremental development by consolidating the underlying logic and clarifying the path of practice.

关 键 词：老残一体化 中国式长期护理 制度渐进主义 

分 类 号：R-012[医药卫生]