风屏障端部缓冲结构对列车动力性能的影响  

Effects of buffer structures at ends of the wind barrier on dynamic performance of a train

作　　者：陶玮 娄平[1,2] 孙震 TAO Wei;LOU Ping;SUN Zhen(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Engineering Structures of Heavy-haul Railway,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学重载铁路工程结构教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2025年第2期509-522,共14页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(L2021G002)。

摘　　要：为解决高速列车进入或者离开桥梁风屏障区域时,列车运行环境的快速切换导致其气动荷载发生突变从而影响列车运行安全性和乘坐舒适性的问题,提出2种在桥梁风屏障端部设置的缓冲结构:透风率渐变式缓冲结构和高度渐变式缓冲结构。缓冲结构能实现高速列车在桥梁风屏障内部和外部区域的平稳过渡。基于改进的延迟分离涡模拟方法,建立曲线式风屏障-高速列车-桥梁系统以及2种缓冲结构的CFD模型,对比研究2种缓冲结构对风屏障引起的高速列车气动荷载突变程度的减缓效果。在此基础上,建立车-轨-桥系统耦合动力学模型,并采用多体动力学软件UNIVERSAL MECHANISM从行车安全性角度分析2种缓冲方案的效果。研究结果表明:桥梁风屏障端部设置透风率渐变式缓冲结构能够有效降低高速列车进入或离开风屏障区域时气动荷载系数幅值,同时,使列车进入风屏障区域时迎风面压力平缓下降,并减小列车周围涡旋结构尺寸,对列车气动荷载突变效应的减缓效果显著优于高度渐变式缓冲结构;此外,设置透风率渐变式缓冲结构能更好地降低高速列车进出桥梁风屏障区域时轮重减载率和脱轨系数最大值,显著提高列车的运行安全性。研究结果为进一步保障强风区域桥上高速列车安全平稳运行提供参考。In order to solve the problem of sudden changes in aerodynamic loads caused by the rapid switching of the train operating environment when high-speed trains enter or exit the bridge wind barrier area,which affects the safety and comfort of train operation,two types of buffer structures were proposed for the end of the bridge wind barrier:the gradient buffer structure with ventilation rate and the gradient buffer structure with height.These buffer structures are designed to enable a smooth transition for high-speed trains in both the inner and outer areas of the bridge wind barrier.By using an improved delayed detached eddy simulation method,CFD models were developed for the curved wind barrier,high-speed train,bridge,and the two types of buffer structures.The comparative study was conducted on the mitigating effect of the two buffer structures on the degree of sudden changes in aerodynamic loads of high-speed trains caused by wind barriers.On this basis,a coupled dynamic model of the train-rail-bridge system was established,and the effectiveness of the two buffer schemes were verified from the perspectives of driving safety using the multi-body dynamics software UNIVERSAL MECHANISM.The results indicate that installing a gradient buffer structure with variable ventilation rate at the end of the bridge wind barrier can effectively reduce the amplitude of aerodynamic load coefficients when high-speed trains enter or exit the wind barrier area.Meanwhile,this structure ensures a gradual decrease in pressure on windward surface of the train as it enters the wind barrier area and reduces the size of the vortex around the train.The mitigation effect of gradient buffer structure with a variable ventilation rate on sudden changes in aerodynamic loads is significantly superior to that of the gradient buffer structure with a variable height.In addition,the gradient buffer structure with a variable ventilation rate is more effective in reducing the maximum values of the wheel load reduction rate and derailment coefficient whe

关 键 词：高速列车 风屏障 气动荷载突变 缓冲结构 数值模拟 动力性能 

分 类 号：U24[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]