面向列车司机室前窗区域流场的送风策略研究  

Research on air supply optimization for defrosting front window of train cab

作　　者：高俊帅 于德壮 张玉琼 高广军[2] 伍钒 GAO Junshuai;YU Dezhuang;ZHANG Yuqiong;GAO Guangjun;WU Fan(CRRC Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116000,China;School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中车大连机车车辆有限公司,辽宁大连116000 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2025年第2期579-589,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52072413)。

摘　　要：寒冷环境下高速列车司机室前窗结霜会导致驾驶员视野不佳,而司机室前窗内表面的流场则是表征前窗除霜性能的重要指标。为优化高速列车司机室的送风策略,增大前窗内表面的风速及高风速区覆盖率,基于实车试验结果,建立高速列车司机室内流场的数值仿真模型,在满足司机室内热舒适性的前提下,通过改进送风风道结构,分析了前窗左右两侧出风口送风量、主/副驾驶员前窗视野区表面风速覆盖率以及表面平均温度变化。研究结果表明:优化方案1通过将前窗送风通道直径从60 mm扩大至106 mm,提高了前窗出风口流量,将更多热气流输送至前窗表面,前窗左右送风通道的流量分别为原始方案的3.57倍和3.56倍,与此同时,主/副驾驶员前窗视野区域的平均温度上升了1.03%和1.20%。此外,在优化方案1的基础上,优化方案2通过增加前窗出风口长度和缩短出风口宽度,进一步提高了前窗出风口流速与气流分布的均匀性,相比于原方案,主/副驾驶员前窗视野区流速大于1.5 m/s区域的占比分别从21.16%和21.69%上升至82.48%和80.84%,前窗表面的温度分布也更加均匀,主/副驾驶员前窗视野区域的温度变异系数分别由12.63%和20.68%降至7.70%和7.21%。此外,3种送风方案下,司机头部附近0.05 m范围内的平均流速大小低于0.3 m/s,舒适区内的平均流速均处于允许风速范围内(0.025~0.4 m/s),司机舒适区风速满足标准要求。本研究提出的送风策略大幅提升了高速列车司机室前窗内表面的高风速区覆盖率,为探索前窗表面除霜提供了具有参考性的数据结果。In cold environments,frost formation on the front window of a high-speed train driver’s cab can impair the driver’s visibility.The airflow field on the inner surface of the front window is a crucial indicator of defrosting performance.This study aimed to optimize the airflow strategy in the driver's cab of high-speed trains to increase the wind speed and the coverage of high wind speed areas on the inner surface of the front window.Based on the results of tests in a real cab,a numerical simulation model of the airflow field in the driver’s cab was established.While ensuring thermal comfort in the cab,the study analyzed the airflow from the left and right outlets of the front window,the wind speed coverage on the surface of the driver’s and co-driver’s fields of view,and the changes in average surface temperature.The results show that the Optimization Scheme 1,which expanded the diameter of the front window air ducts from 60 mm to 106 mm,increased the airflow at the front window outlets,delivering more hot airflow to the surface of the front window.The airflow through the left and right air ducts of the front window increased to 3.57 times and 3.56 times that of the original scheme,respectively.Meanwhile,the average temperature in the driver’s and co-driver’s fields of view areas increased by 1.03%and 1.20%,respectively.In addition,building on the Optimization Scheme 1,the Optimization Scheme 2 increased the length and reduced the width of the front window outlets,further improving the airflow speed and distribution uniformity.As compared to the original scheme,the proportion of the driver’s and co-driver’s fields of view areas with a wind speed greater than 1.5 m/s increased from 21.16%and 21.69%to 82.48%and 80.84%,respectively.The temperature distribution on the surface of the front window also became more uniform,with the temperature variance coefficient in the driver’s and co-driver’s fields of view areas decreasing from 12.63%and 20.68%to 7.70%and 7.21%,respectively.Furthermore,under the

关 键 词：列车司机室 前窗 数值模拟 送风优化 除霜 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]