德国法视角下的法典体例问题  

Systemfragen des Zivilrechts

作　　者： 卞珊珊(译) 冯洁语(校) Christoph A.Kern;BIAN Shanshan

机构地区：[1]海德堡大学外国私法、国际私法与经济法研究所 [2]南京大学 [3]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《中德法学论坛》2023年第1期26-40,共15页

摘　　要：法律有一个形式体系和一个实质体系,两个体系相互影响。规则的编排有助于体系的建构。不同的排序会影响可查找性,并且表达不同的内容。总论作为重要的划分工具一方面避免了重复,另一方面也使理解更加困难。自由的行使是民法的核心特征,关于自由的前提条件应当被放置于法典的开头。有关法律行为、意思表示和合同缔结的规则可以被放置于开头,也可以被规定于债法部分。任意性规范应归入合同法分则。区分债法和物法不是抽象逻辑的产物。基于一系列实质的、体系的原因,这种区分是恰当的。并不存在唯一的民法典的编纂体例,立法者应当寻求从他的角度来看最合适的解决方案,并同时尊重传统的做法。Law has a formal system and a substantive system, and the two systems influence each other. The arrangement of rules helps to construct the system. Different sorting can affect searchability and express different content. As an important tool for division, General Principles not only avoids repetition, but also makes understanding more difficult. The exercise of freedom is a core characteristic of civil law, and the prerequisite for freedom should be placed at the beginning of the code. The rules regarding legal acts, expressions of intent, and contract formation can be placed at the beginning or stipulated in the section of debt law. Arbitrary norms should be included in the provisions of the Contract Law. Distinguishing between debt law and property law is not a product of abstract logic. Based on a series of substantive and systematic reasons, this distinction is appropriate. There is no unique format for compiling civil codes, and legislators should seek the most appropriate solution from their perspective while respecting traditional practices.

关 键 词：法律体系 法典体例 民法总论 物法 债法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]