个人信息保护公益诉讼的制度展开  

Public Interest Litigation System Development on Personal Information Protection

作　　者：范明志 Fan Mingzhi

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学数据法治研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《法律科学(西北政法大学学报)》2025年第1期109-121,共13页Science of Law:Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度重大项目(21&ZD195)“互联网平台的社会影响及治理路径研究”;国家社科基金2021年度重点项目(21AFX004)“自动化行政算法决策的法律控制”。

摘　　要：相对于其他民事公益诉讼,个人信息保护民事公益诉讼具有独特公益性、规则融合性与业务专门性等个性化特征,在公益诉讼一体化立法背景下,其个性化特征集中体现在起诉主体制度设计上。从实现个人信息的保护目的来看,个人信息保护公益诉讼比私益诉讼具有更强的逻辑、更容易操作且具有更强的诉讼动力,从而必然更具常态性。在个人信息保护公益诉讼制度展开的过程中,消费者组织以及国家网信部门确定的组织均不宜担负个人信息保护公益诉讼起诉的在先顺位主体角色,故在个人信息保护公益诉讼中不应当套用其他公益诉讼中的起诉主体顺位机制。检察机关与其他公益诉讼起诉主体处于并列起诉顺位,既符合检察机关的法律监督职能定位,也能够平衡司法的谦抑性与效能性,应当成为具有中国特色的个人信息保护公益诉讼制度的内容。Compared with other civil public interest litigation, the personal information protection civil public interest litigation system has the characteristics of special public interest, convergence of rules and business specialization, which is mainly reflected in the design of the litigation subject system in the context of the integrated legislation of public interest litigation. From the perspective of achieving the purpose of personal information protection, personal information protection public interest litigation is bound to be more normal because it has stronger logic, easier operation and greater litigation motivation than private interest litigation. In the course of the development of the personal information protection public interest litigation system, neither consumer organizations nor organizations designated by the national cyberspace administration are suitable to assume the role of the pre-priority entity in the litigation of personal information protection public interest litigation, so the mechanism of the priority of the litigation entity in other public interest litigation should not be applied in the public interest litigation for personal information protection. Procuratorates should be placed in a parallel position with other public interest litigation entities, which is not only in line with the positioning of the procuratorate's legal oversight function, but also can balance the modesty and effectiveness of the judiciary, and should become the content of the public interest litigation system for the protection of personal information with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：个人信息保护 公益诉讼 起诉顺位 检察职能 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]