我国民事诉讼上自认事实“证据化”之省思  

Reflection on the“Evidential Trend”of China's Civil Judicial Admission

作　　者：李喜莲[1] Li Xilian

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《法律科学(西北政法大学学报)》2025年第1期189-200,共12页Science of Law:Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(22BFX051)“个人信息侵权损害赔偿诉讼法律适用研究”。

摘　　要：我国相关司法解释虽然赋予民事诉讼上的自认以“无需举证证明”的效力,但在司法实践中,自认事实常因接受法官的调查和心证评价而呈现“证据化”特征。造成这一问题的表层原因是受司法实践靶向整治虚假自认策略的影响;深层原因则是民事诉讼自认的性质不明,且自认适用的对象、场域与自认制度的功能定位不相契合。自认事实“证据化”会消解自认的约束力,既不能达到发现客观真实之目的,又于遏制虚假诉讼无助益。欲祛除自认事实“证据化”现象,需肯认民事诉讼上的自认乃当事人在诉讼中合意处分要件事实的诉讼行为,其目的在于就诉讼资料形成无争执的状态;在法解释论上应以大陆法系民事诉讼自认制度为镜鉴,区分诉讼上的自认与诉讼外自认,限定自认适用的对象和场域;完善当事人真实完整陈述义务,强化诉讼法律责任,以发挥自认的约束力。Although the relevant provisions of judicial interpretation have endowed the judicial admission with the effect of“no proof required”.But it may be regarded as“evidence”in judicial practice.There are many reasons for this problem.The superficial reason is the strategy of fighting against false lawsuits.The deep one is that the nature of judicial admission is not clear.Besides,not only its object but also its field is not suitable for its function.The“evidential trend”eliminates the binding force of judicial admission.It can neither achieve the purpose of finding objective truth,nor be helpful to curb false lawsuits.To eliminate the phenomenon of“evidencing”the fact of self-identification,it is necessary to recognize that self-identification in civil litigation is a litigation act in which the parties'consent to the disposal of essential facts in the litigation,with the aim of creating an uncontested state of affairs with regard to litigation materials.In the litigation,the litigation behavior of the consensual disposal of essential facts,the purpose of which is to form a non-controversial state of the litigation information;in the legal interpretation of the civil law system of civil litigation should be self-identification system as a mirror,distinguishing between self-identification in the litigation and outside the litigation,limiting the application of self-identification of the object and the field of application;to enrich the parties to the true and complete statement of the obligation to strengthen the litigation of the legal responsibility,in order to bring into full play the binding force of the judicial admission.

关 键 词：民事诉讼自认 证据化 虚假自认 真实陈述义务 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]