生物多样性对生态系统稳定性的影响  

The Study of the Impact of Biodiversity on Ecosystem Stability

作　　者：红梅 杨殿林 Hongmei;YANG Dianlin(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028043,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028043 [2]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期1-6,F0002,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University:Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1304102)。

摘　　要：由于气候变化、环境污染、外来物种入侵和高强度利用等因素,物种灭绝速率加剧,导致生物多样性锐减,进而对生态系统功能、服务质量及稳定性产生了深远影响。在农业生态系统中,生物多样性的减少直接影响土壤肥力、病虫害控制、授粉服务等关键功能,降低农业生产力和可持续性,威胁国家和区域粮食安全、生物安全和生态安全。探讨了生物多样性对生态系统的功能、服务及稳定性的影响机制,并对生物多样性与生态系统稳定性研究进行了展望。结果表明,生物多样性不仅能够提高农田生态系统的生产力和多功能性,还能增强生态系统的稳定性和抗干扰能力。未来的研究应更加注重生物多样性对生态系统多功能性的影响,进一步加强对农业生态系统多功能性的评估、权衡和优化,探索适合农业可持续发展的管理策略。Factors such as climate change,environmental pollution,invasive alien species,and intensive resource utilization have accelerated species extinction rates,leading to a sharp decline in biodiversity.This loss has far-reaching effects on ecosystem functions,services,and stability.In agricultural ecosystems,biodiversity reduction directly impacts key functions such as soil fertility,pest and disease control,and pollination services,thereby reducing agricultural productivity and sustainability.These changes pose threats to both national and regional food security,biological safety,and ecological security.It systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which biodiversity influences these aspects and outlines future research directions.The findings demonstrate that biodiversity enhances not only agricultural ecosystem productivity and multifunctionality but also ecosystem stability and resilience to disturbances.Moving forward,research should focus on:quantifying the contributions of biodiversity to ecosystem multifunctionality;improving the evaluation,trade-off analysis,and optimization of agricultural ecosystem services;and developing management strategies that balance production efficiency with ecological sustainability.

关 键 词：生物多样性 生态系统功能 生态系统服务 生态系统稳定性 农业生态系统 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]