论行政诉讼情况判决中的信赖利益保护  

Protection of Reliance Interest in Situational Judgment in Administrative Litigation

作　　者：黄智杰 HUANG Zhijie

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(法学版)》2025年第1期114-124,共11页Journal of Soochow University:Law Edition

摘　　要：情况判决是撤销判决的例外,其核心是法院对于重大公共利益的认定与权衡。但是,自“益民公司案”始,实践中开始出现法院将特定人信赖利益纳入情况判决的适用范围进而实现存续保护的做法,这集中表现在房屋登记、行政许可、行政征收三个领域。在情况判决中,法官对信赖利益的考量存在“独立保护”“直接公益化”与“间接公益化”三种说理方式,这虽然有利于分析案件所涉及的多元法律关系,保护第三人的利益,但也隐含了削弱依法行政、妨碍妥善调整多元利益的风险。对此,在情况判决适用的源头控制层面,应当排除善意取得案件的适用,将撤销判决逻辑转变为履行判决逻辑;在理由限定层面,应当严谨论证所维护利益的重大性、规模性和现实性,将信赖利益作为辅助考量因素;在方式优化层面,应当通过合理的程序设计,允许原被告及第三人之间的沟通协商,以便及时采取止损措施、促进相关利益的最大化整合。Situational judgment,as an exception to rescissory judgment,involves the court’s evaluation of significant public interests.Since the Yimin case,courts have extended the scope of situational judement to encompass the reliance interest of specific individuals,particularly in matters such as housing registration,administrative licensing,and administrative expropriation,thereby providing a form of survival protection.In this context,judges consider reliance interest using three reasoning approaches:“independent protection”,“directly treat it as a public interest”,and“indirectly transformed into public interests”.While these approaches help in addressing complex legal relationships and the protecting third-party interests,they also risk undermining rule-of-law governance and obstructing the appropriate adjustment of competing interests.To mitigate this,situational judgment should be excluded in cases involving Bona Fide Acquisition.Additionally,at the reasoning level,a rigorous examination of the significance,scale,and practicability of the interests to be safeguarded should be conducted,with reliance interest considered as a supplementary factor.Furthermore,in terms of optimizing the method,it should allow communication and negotiation between the plaintiff and the defendant and the third party through reasonable procedural design,so as to take timely stop-loss measures and promote the maximization of relevant interests.

关 键 词：利益衡量 信赖保护 依法行政 撤销判决 利害调整 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]