论明清徽商的艺术赞助与江南书画生态环境关系  

On the relationship between the art patronage of Hui merchants in the Ming and Qing dynasties and the ecological environment of calligraphy and painting in Jiangnan

作　　者：李明[1] 李向民[1] LI Ming;LI Xiangmin(Nanjing University of the Arts,Nanjing 210000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京艺术学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期191-201,共11页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金文化遗产保护传承研究专项“大运河历史文化研究”(24VWBN007);江苏省社会科学基金课题“长三角一体化背景下城市文化空间结构优化研究”(20YSB002);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“文化产业区演化与城市空间重构机理研究——以南京为例”(KYCX23_2383)。

摘　　要：明清时期徽商的艺术赞助造就了新安画派、扬州画派等艺术的繁荣,是艺术生产和文化产业研究的重要案例。徽商在明清书画市场中的作用是多元化的,其历史意义和时代价值也十分重要。徽商“士商一体”的独特身份有利于其与文人交游,同时徽商集艺术实践、鉴赏、投资、消费、收藏于一体的多元社会身份对于江南艺术市场的繁荣和江南艺术水平的提升具有重要意义。徽商大多出身于富庶的文人家庭,耕读传家和诗书礼教的家风给他们带来了深厚的文化底蕴和雄厚的家庭资产。徽商对于书画艺术的热爱和推崇促使他们广泛地参与到艺术活动中,他们与文人、士商等阶层的交游便于商业行为的推进。徽商艺术赞助将商业行为和非商业行为有机结合,改善了江南书画的生态环境,同时也营造出独具特色的明清江南书画文化空间。徽商艺术赞助的有效性与徽商艺术活动方式丰富多样性分不开,主要包括交友结社、文化赞助、交易收藏等,乃至酬客赠答、艺伎传情、政客雅贿等则是具有时代特征的书画艺术活动形式。徽商赞助可以分为不同层次,从获取方式上说主要包括身体文化资本的获取和制度文化资本的获取,从运作的手法上说主要包括付钱请艺术家作画、收购旧时名画、投资当时名家作品,提供艺术家生活所需,成为其艺术赞助人等。通过文化资本理论分析发现徽商对书画等艺术品的热衷消费,揭示了其作为社会分层标志的文化资本积累策略。徽商通过物质化、身体化与制度化文化资本的运作,不仅促进了江南艺术市场的繁荣,还提升了地区艺术审美品位,推动了文化艺术的发展。同时,徽商的艺术赞助行为催生了文化资本的再生产,与文士阶层形成文化生产共同体,深刻改变了江南文化生产空间,孕育了新安画派与扬州画派等艺术流派。研究表明,徽�During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the art patronage of Hui merchants contributed to the flourishing of artistic schools such as the Xin’an Painting School and the Yangzhou Painting School,making it an important case for the study of art production and cultural industry.The role of Hui merchants in the calligraphy and painting market during these periods was multifaceted,with significant historical and contemporary value.The unique identity of scholar-merchant of Hui merchants facilitated their association with literati.Meanwhile,their multifaceted social identity,which integrated art practice,appreciation,investment,consumption,and collection,played a crucial role in the flourishing of the Jiangnan art market and the enhancement of the region’s artistic standards.Most Hui merchants originated from wealthy scholarly families.The family traditions of farming and reading,along with the teachings of poetry,books,and etiquette,endowed them with a profound cultural heritage and substantial family assets.Their passion for calligraphy and painting led them to actively engage in artistic endeavors.Their interactions with literati,scholar-merchants,and other social strata facilitated the advancement of commercial activities.The art patronage of Hui merchants effectively combined commercial and non-commercial behaviors,improving the calligraphy and painting environment in Jiangnan,while creating a distinctive cultural space of calligraphy and painting in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties.The effectiveness of Hui merchants’art patronage was inseparable from the rich diversity of their art activity modalities,mainly encompassing making friends and forming associations,cultural patronage,transaction and collection,and even the forms of calligraphy and painting art activities with the characteristics of the times such as rewarding guests and giving presents,expressing emotions through female entertainers,and elegant bribery by politicians.The patronage of Hui merchants can be classified into various levels.In t

关 键 词：明清徽商 艺术赞助 文化资本 书画生态环境 江南文化空间 

分 类 号：J022[艺术—艺术理论]