8种海鱼的EPA和DHA含量分析及其在甘油酯分子中的位置分布差异解析  

Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexenoic Acid Contents of Fillet from Eight Marine Fishes and Their Distribution at Glycerol Backbone of Acylglycerols

作　　者：程飞扬 叶晓慧 齐巧慧 陈轩宇 戴静璇 陈晓军 陈必链[1,3] 何勇锦[1,3] Cheng Feiyang;Ye Xiaohui;Qi Qiaohui;Chen Xuanyu;Dai Jingxuan;Chen Xiaojun;Chen Bilian;He Yongjin(College of Life Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117;Fujian Gaolong Biological Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd,Fuzhou 350117;Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology,Ministry of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福州350117 [2]福建高龙生物工程科技有限公司,福州350117 [3]福建师范大学工业微生物教育部工程研究中心,福州350117

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2025年第2期119-128,共10页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：福建省教育厅重点项目(2022G02013);福建省环保科技计划项目(2023R0001);福建师范大学碳中和研究院开放项目(TZH2022-03)。

摘　　要：二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)是对人体健康有益的生物活性物质。EPA/DHA的含量及其甘油骨架位置分布,会影响人体的吸收和积累。本研究选择当地8种经济海鱼,采用丙酮萃取法、液相色谱法、气相色谱法和核磁共振碳谱法分析提取鱼肉组织总脂肪和分析主要的油脂类型、脂肪酸组成和EPA与DHA在中性脂甘油骨架的位置分布。实验结果表明,8种海鱼肉组织总脂肪的质量分数为2.32%~33.43%,其中大黄鱼、鳀鱼和秋刀鱼的总脂肪含量最高。对于油脂类型,8种海鱼油脂主要是中性脂,其质量分数超过87%。大黄鱼、鳀鱼和秋刀鱼中性脂主要是三酰甘油酯(TAGs),其质量分数为80%以上;其余5种海鱼中性脂存在不同程度的酶解现象,导致其含较高的游离脂肪酸。对于EPA和DHA含量,裸盖鱼和秋刀鱼总脂肪和中性脂的EPA含量最高,DHA含量最高的海鱼是裸盖鱼,大黄鱼总脂肪、中性脂和极性脂的DHA含量最低。此外,核磁共振碳谱法分析EPA/DHA的位置分布可知,大黄鱼、鳀鱼和秋刀鱼中性脂EPA主要分布甘油骨架的sn-1和3位置,DHA主要分布在sn-2位;其余5种海鱼中性脂存在部分酶解,影响EPA和DHA的位置分布。结果表明,富油的鳀鱼和秋刀鱼可能是提供EPA和DHA的较优海鱼资源。Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexenoic acid(DHA)are bioactive substances that are beneficial to human health.The contents of EPA and DHA and their distribution of glycerol backbone have impacts on the absorption and accumulation of human body.In this study,8 species of local economical marine fishes were selected to extract the lipids of fish fillets to analyze the lipidic class of extracted lipids and neutral lipids,fatty acid composition of extracted lipids,neutral lipids and polar lipids,and EPA and DHA distribution of glycerol skeleton of neutral lipids by acetone extraction,liquid chromatography,gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)carbon spectrometry.The results indicated that the mass fraction of total crude lipids of the selected sea fishes was 2.32%~33.43%;meantime,Larimichthys crocea,Engraulis japonicus and Cololabis saira fillets had the highest lipid contents.For the lipidic class,the extracted lipids of 8 kinds of marine fish fillets were mainly comprised of neutral lipids,accounting for more than 87%.Moreover,the neutral lipids derived from L.crocea,E.japonicus and C.saira fillets had more than 80%of triacylglycerols(TAGs);meantime,and the neutral lipids of the resting 5 kinds of marine fishes could be bio-degraded in some degrees,resulting in the formation of free fatty acids.In terms of the contents of EPA and DHA,the total lipids and neutral lipids of Anoplopoma fimbria and C.saira fillets gave the highest EPA contents,and total lipids of A.fimbria fillets achieved the highest DHA content among the selected sea fishes;besides,the extracted lipids,neutral lipids and polar lipids of L.crocea tissue had the lowest DHA content.Furthermore,the results about 13 C-NMR for EPA/DHA distribution revealed that,EPA was mainly at the sn-1 and 3 positions of glycerol skeleton of neutral lipids from L.crocea,E.japonicus and C.saira fillets,while DHA was primary located at the sn-2 position for these three samples;additionally,partial biodegradation for the resting marine fishes affected t

关 键 词：海鱼 EPA DHA 油脂类型 位置分布 

分 类 号：TS222[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] R151[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]