金属链创制  

Metal Chain Creation

作　　者：李殿中[1] 胡小强[1] 王培[1] LI Dianzhong;HU Xiaoqiang;WANG Pei(Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,沈阳110016

出　　处：《金属学报》2025年第2期203-210,共8页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目Nos.52031013和52321001;中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目,No.XDC04000000。

摘　　要：金属零部件的制造过程涉及合金设计、原材料制备、冶炼、铸坯、锻轧、热处理、精密冷加工等,研究工作理应贯穿金属制造与服役的全生命周期。只有贯通全生命周期技术链,金属的性能才能充分发挥。以往的工艺技术研究多注重“点”的突破,而在金属材料与零部件的加工中间经常出现“断链”现象,导致高端零部件的性能不合格、不稳定、不可靠,甚至大量依赖进口。为解决上述问题,本文以直径8 m级盾构机主轴承研制为例,从套圈用轴承钢的V、B、稀土共合金化设计出发,基于高纯净、高均质轴承钢的制造和高性能轴承零部件精密加工,阐述了轴承制造全流程的关键技术及其关联性,重点介绍了连接轴承材料到轴承零部件的热处理技术和大型滚子的精密加工技术。在此基础上,成功制造了性能优异的大型盾构机主轴承,具备进口替代能力。基于此,本文提出了金属链创制的学术思想,即从材料设计的源头出发,对合金设计、原材料制备、冶炼、铸坯、锻轧、热处理、精密冷加工、装配制造、检测评价、应用考核等全链条进行研发,通过从全链条角度识别各工序的关键数据,并对其进行调控和传递,迭代优化,贯通技术链,打造创新链,对接产业链,实现金属材料与高端零部件的可控制造。The manufacture of metallic components involves alloy design,raw material preparation,melting,ingot/slab casting,hot forging or rolling,heat treatment,and precision cold processing etc.Consequently,research on the entire life cycle of metal production and application is imperative.Only by integrating the complete life cycle of the technological chain can the properties of metals be fully and appropriately utilized.Previous research has primarily focused on breakthroughs at individual“points”,often neglecting the“chain”.This has led to a“chain break”phenomenon in the processing of metal materials and components,resulting in high-end components that are unqualified,unstable,unreliable,or heavily dependent on imports.To address these issues,this study takes the research on the 8-meterdiameter main bearing of a shield tunneling machine as an example.It adopts novel V,B,and rare earth co-alloying in bearing steel for bearing rings,leveraging high-purity and high-homogeneity bearing steel production,as well as precision machining of high-performance bearing components.The study elucidates key technologies and their correlations throughout the bearing manufacturing process,with a particular focus on heat treatment technology that linking bearing materials to components and precision machining technology for large rollers.Through the development of whole-chain technologies,the main bearing for the shield tunneling machine was successfully manufactured.Building upon this research,a new concept of metal chain creation is proposed.This concept begins with alloy design and connects the entire chain of raw material preparation,melting,ingot/slab casting,hot forging or rolling,heat treatment,and precision cold processing,assembly manufacturing,evaluation,and application test.By identifying and manipulating critical data at each stage of the process,iterative optimization is achieved.This approach integrates the technological chain,fosters an innovation chain,connects the industrial chain,and realizes controllable m

关 键 词：金属链 合金设计 热加工 冷加工 创制 

分 类 号：TG142[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]