行政犯违法性判断的方案建构——以违法相对论为立场的分析  

The Construction of a Framework for Judging the Illegality of Administrative Offenses--An Analysis Based on the Theory of Relative Illegality

作　　者：王振硕 WANG Zhen-shuo

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2025年第2期178-192,共15页Administrative Law Review

摘　　要：法秩序实然统一立场并未得到立法支撑,在司法中也不具备践行条件。基于法秩序实然统一立场,缓和的违法一元论所提出的一般违法性标准缺乏正当性和可行性,可罚的违法性标准在实践中缺乏适用的空间和必要性,导致对空白罪状未予以实质解释和对行政行为不进行合法性审查的实践误区。法秩序应然统一立场符合立法和司法现实。基于罪刑法定原则、法领域共同目的、法律行为规范属性和刑法补充性原理的质疑无法否定违法相对论的正当性。应当以违法相对论为立场,依据法益还原理论限缩识别保护法益,立足刑法规范目的实质解释空白罪状,遵循合法性要求独立审查行政行为,适用但书规定提供出罪路径,建构排除行政法与刑法规范冲突的行政犯违法性判断方案。The jurisprudential stance of a unified de facto legal order lacks support from legislation and does not possess the conditions for practice in the judiciary.Based on the stance of a unified de facto legal order,the general standard of illegality advocated by the monadic theory of palliative illegality lacks legitimacy and feasibility,the punishable standard of illegality advocated by the monadic theory of palliative illegality lacks judicial application space and necessity,leading to the practical misconception of not substantively interpreting blank criminal statutes and not reviewing the legality of administrative actions.The stance of a unified de jure legal order aligns with legislative and judicial realities.Questioning based on the principles of legality,common goals of legal domains,the normative nature of legal acts,and the supplementary principles of criminal law cannot negate the theoretical legitimacy of the relativity of illegality.Adopting the stance of the relativity of illegality,by using the theory of restoring legal interests to narrowly identify and protect legal interests,interpreting blank criminal statutes based on the substantial purposes of criminal law norms,independently reviewing administrative actions following the requirements of legality,applying codified provisions to provide channels that do not constitute a crime,ultimately constructing a scheme for judging the criminal illegality of administrative offenses that exclude conflicts between administrative law and criminal law norms.

关 键 词：行政犯 违法性判断 缓和的违法一元论 违法相对论 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]