日本江户时代武家家训中的儒家思想——以《东照宫御遗训》和《明君家训》为示例  

Confucianism in the Samurai Family Instructions of the Edo Period in Japan:With Toshogu Imperial Precepts and Meikun Family Instructions as Case Studies

作　　者：庞娜 Pang Na(Dalian University of Technology,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2025年第1期115-127,共13页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金青年项目“江户时代《孟子》文献的整理与研究”(批准号:19CZX031)的阶段研究成果,项目主持人:张晓明。

摘　　要：《东照宫御遗训》和《明君家训》是日本江户时代以儒家思想为底色的经典家训作品。研究发现:家训作为重要文化载体,体现了江户时代从佛教到儒学的思想流变,巩固了儒家思想在江户时代的主导地位。江户武士在接受“仁”“孝”“忠”“尚武”以及治学理政等儒家思想精髓的同时也形成了差异性阐释,即所谓“儒学日本化”。在这种阐释中,不同于以往思想史学界研究中的“忠本位”观念,《明君家训》从服丧规制等仪礼方面对孝行有着严格的约束和要求,甚至认为,孝为忠之本,无孝者必不忠。作为江户时代主流思想的呈现载体,在政治主张和儒学的解构方面,武家家训中隐约可见从日本朱子学派到公认为具有近代性思想萌芽的古学派之间的内在理路。武家家训不仅在江户时代具有重要的行为指南功能,其中更蕴藏着日本近代思想启蒙的蛛丝马迹。The Toshogu Imperial Precepts and Meikun Family Instructions are esteemed family precepts from the Edo period in Japan,deeply rooted in Confucian philosophy.Research indicates that,as significant cultural artifacts,these precepts reflect the shift from Buddhism to Confucianism during the Edo period,thereby solidifying the preeminence of Confucian ideology.The Samurai of the Edo period not only embraced the core tenets of Confucianism,such as"benevolence""filial piety""loyalty""martial valor"and the pursuit of knowledge and governance,but they also developed a unique interpretation,indicative of the gradual"Japanization"of Confucian studies.This interpretation diverges from the"loyalty-centric"perspective commonly found in ideological historiography,as the Meikun Family Instructions imposes stringent regulations and expectations for filial conduct,particularly in the observance of mourning rites.It posits that filial piety is the bedrock of loyalty,suggesting that one cannot be loyal without being filial.As the medium for mainstream thought of the Edo period,the Samurai family precepts subtly reveal an internal rationale that spans from the Japanese School of Zhu Xi to the Kogaku School,which is recognized for its nascent modern thought.These Samurai precepts served not only as vital guides for conduct during the Edo period,but also provided glimpses into the seeds of Japan's modern intellectual enlightenment.

关 键 词：武家家训 东照宫御遗训 明君家训 儒家思想 

分 类 号：B823.1[哲学宗教—伦理学] B313.3[历史地理—历史学] K313.36[历史地理—世界史] I313.06[文学—其他各国文学]