锚泊式人工集鱼装置在渔业中的应用研究进展  

Application of anchored fish aggregating devices in fisheries

作　　者：李杰[1] 王腾 晏磊[1] 杨炳忠[1] 陈森[1] 陈作志[1] 张鹏[1] LI Jie;WANG Teng;YAN Lei;YANG Bingzhong;CHEN Sen;CHEN Zuozhi;ZHANG Peng(Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-sea Fishery,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部外海渔业可持续利用重点实验室,广州510300

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2025年第1期118-128,共11页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2021);广州市科技计划项目(202102020901)。

摘　　要：锚泊式人工集鱼装置(AFADs)是定置于海洋中、用于聚集鱼群的人造漂浮物。综述了AFADs的种类与结构及其在地中海与加勒比海、中西太平洋和印度洋等地区的应用历史与现状,介绍了利用AFADs作业的主要渔具及渔获种类,并概括了AFADs在渔业中的应用优势。同时,针对AFADs潜在的问题及风险总结了相应的应对措施,包括:AFADs海域设立禁渔期及渔具准入制度来控制捕捞努力量;使用可降解材料制作AFADs并改进结构以减少意外丢失;规定AFADs间的最小距离或控制AFADs总量;禁止在航运繁忙的海域投放AFADs。研究可为应用AFADs开发我国南海金枪鱼等大洋性渔业资源提供基础资料。Anchored fish aggregating devices(AFADs)are artificial floating objects anchored in the ocean.They use the characteristics of tuna and other pelagic fishes that prefer to gather around floating objects to gather and catch fish schools.AFADs are widely used in tropical and subtropical waters and are effective auxiliary tools for developing tuna resources,because they can reduce the time spent on searching for fish schools and increase the catch per unit fishing effort(CPUE).This study summarized the types and structures of AFADs.According to the physical environment of the sea area,deployed AFADS could be divided into lagoon AFADs,nearshore AFADs and offshore AFADs.The study showed the history and current situation of AFADs in the Mediterranean and Caribbean sea areas,the Western Pacific(Philippines and Indonesia),the Central Pacific(Hawaii and Kiribati)and the Indian Ocean(Maldives and Mauritius).The development of AFADs in these countries and areas had been successful,but due to the lack of statistical data,it was difficult to accurately understand the current situation such as the number and location of AFADs in use.The study found that the main fishing gears operating in the waters of AFADs included purse seine,rod line,handline,and troll line.In the Mediterranean,the target species of AFADs fishery was Coryphaena hippurus,in other areas the target species was mainly tuna such as Katsuwonus pelamis,Thunnus albacares,etc.This study found that AFADs had the following benefits:benefiting coastal and coral reef resource conservation by shifting fishing effort to oceanic resources and improving economic benefits by improving CPUE and reducing fuel consumption;promoting the development of pelagic fishery(especially tuna fishery)and sport fishery;advancing food supply safety and operation safety at sea in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories(PICTs);becoming a data monitoring platform by equipping with advanced electronic instruments such as echo-sounder buoy,wave buoy,ocean current profilers,GPS tracking devi

关 键 词：AFADs 大洋性渔业 中上层鱼类资源 金枪鱼 

分 类 号：S972[农业科学—捕捞与储运]