宝鸡郭家崖秦国墓地结构与族群研究  

Study on the Structure and Ethnic Groups of the Guojiaya Qin Tomb Site in Baoji

作　　者：彭军超 袁俊杰[2] Peng Junchao;Yuan Junjie

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院 [2]河南大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《北方文物》2025年第1期40-50,共11页Northern Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家资助博士后研究人员计划(B档)“秦社会变革的考古学研究”(GZB20240911);河南大学黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心重大项目“黄河流域诸侯国墓地丧葬制度研究”(2020M23);河南大学英才计划项目“秦社会变迁研究——以宝鸡郭家崖秦国墓地为例”(SYLYC2022065)的资助。

摘　　要：通过对墓地的区组划分、埋葬习俗与随葬核心陶器及组合的分析,可知宝鸡郭家崖秦国墓地是一处由不同时期迁入该地的戎人族群及其家族共同埋葬的公共墓地。战国早期迁移至此的第一批戎人族群应为甘青土著西戎族群的后裔。战国中期迁入的第二批戎人族群当是东周时期由北方而来的戎人及其后代。两支来源不同的戎人族群在不同时期受到秦文化的影响形成了有别于传统秦文化与西戎文化的特殊葬俗。墓地结构反映出北区两个分区与南区的Ⅰ区、Ⅲ区是以血缘关系为基础、层级分明的族墓地,而南区的Ⅱ区则是以地缘关系为纽带企图将埋入人群凝聚在一起的地缘结构。导致两种墓地结构并行存在的原因可能源于战国时期秦国实施的什伍之制与析户政策对传统族葬制度的冲击。Through the division of tomb zones,burial customs,and the analysis of core pottery and their combinations,it is concluded that the Guojiaya Qin State Tomb Site in Baoji is a communal burial ground used by Rong ethnic groups and their families who migrated to this area at different times.The first group of Rong people who migrated here in the early Warring States period were likely descendants of the Western Rong ethnic group indigenous to Gansu and Qinghai.The second group,who migrated here in the mid-Warring States period,were probably Rong people from the north and their descendants who had moved during the Eastern Zhou period.These two distinct Rong groups,influenced by Qin culture at different times,developed burial customs that were different from both traditional Qin culture and Western Rong culture.The tomb structure reflects a hierarchical clan burial system in the northern two subzones and Zone Ⅰ and Zone Ⅲ in the southern area,based on kinship,while Zone Ⅱ in the southern area attempts to unite the buried individuals based on geographical ties,forming a regional structure.The coexistence of these two burial structures may have been influenced by the Qin state's implementation of the"Shiwu"system and the household division policy,which disrupted traditional clan burial practices during the Warring States period.

关 键 词：宝鸡市 郭家崖 秦国墓地 墓地结构 戎人族群 

分 类 号：K871.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]