内蒙古乌兰察布地区马铃薯全生育期气候适宜度变化特征  

Characteristics of Climatic Suitability in Whole Growth Stages of Potato in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：郭晓丽 卢佳玥 李敏 林敏 杨丽桃[2] GUO Xiaoli;LU Jiayue;LI Min;LIN Min;YANG Litao(Ulanqab Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia,Jining 012000;Inner Mongolia Climate Center,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市气象局,内蒙古集宁012000 [2]内蒙古自治区气候中心,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2025年第1期31-37,共7页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS04018);内蒙古自治区气象局引导性创新基金项目(nmqxydcx202218)。

摘　　要：为高效利用乌兰察布地区气候资源,优化马铃薯种植区域布局,利用该区域1991-2022年11个气象站的逐日气象数据,基于模糊数学原理构建温度、降水和日照适宜度计算模型,以地理信息技术为依托,分析马铃薯气候适宜度时空变化特征,并探究气候因子对马铃薯气候适宜度变化的贡献率。结果表明,乌兰察布地区马铃薯全生育期温度适宜度和日照适宜度都高于降水适宜度。从各生育阶段来看,降水适宜度在各生育阶段最低且变异系数最大,说明水分条件是乌兰察布地区马铃薯生长发育的主要限制因子;综合气候适宜度最高为出苗期-分枝期,其次是播种期-出苗期和分枝期-花序期,花序期-开花期和开花期-成熟期最低。空间分布上,温度适宜度呈北高南低分布趋势,且都达到0.75以上;水分适宜度自西北向东南增加;日照适宜度与水分适宜度分布规律相反,由西北向东南减少;综合适宜度在0.60~0.67之间平缓波动,高值区在中南部区域,低值区在四子王旗西南部及商都县部分区域。生长季降水对马铃薯气候适宜度的变化为正贡献,积温为负贡献,日照的贡献率不明显。In order to efficiently make use of climate resources and optimize the regional layout of potato planting in Ulanqab,daily meteorological data from 11 weather stations during 1991-2022 were used to build temperature suitability,precipitation suitability and light suitability model based on the fuzzy mathematical principle.Using geographic information technology,analysis the spatial and temporal characteristics of potato climatic suitability,and explore the contribution rate of climate factors for potato climatic suitability change.The results show that the temperature suitability index and the light suitability index are higher than precipitation suitability index during the whole growth period of potato in Ulanqab.Precipitation suitability index is the lowest with the largest coefficient of variation in each growth stages,showing that precipitation condition is the main limiting factor for potato growth and development in Ulanqab.The highest comprehensive climatic suitability index of potato is found in the emergencebranching period,followed by sowing-emergence period,branching-inflorescence period,while the lowest is in inflorescence-flowering period and flowering-harvesting period.For the spatial distribution,the temperature suitability index shows a distribution trend of high in the north and low in the south and all reaching above 0.75.The value of precipitation suitability increases from northwest to southeast.The value of light suitability reduces from northwest to southeast.The value of comprehensive suitability fluctuated gently between 0.60 and 0.67,which highvalue zones in the central and southern regions,while the low value area is in the southwest of Siziwangqi and parts of Shangdu County.The precipitation in growing season contributes positively to the climatic suitability of potato,the accumulated temperature contributes negatively,and the light contributes insignificantly.

关 键 词：乌兰察布地区 气候适宜度 马铃薯 时空变化 气候贡献率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]