“意识结构”与“感觉秩序”——从胡塞尔纯粹现象学与哈耶克理论心理学的视角看  

“Structure of Consciousness”and“Sensory Order”——From the Perspective of Husserl’s Pure Phenomenology and Hayek’s Theoretical Psychology

作　　者：倪梁康 Ni Liangkang(School of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2025年第3期93-104,158,共13页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：科技部科技创新2030——“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目(2021ZD0200409)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：三位奥地利学派的代表人物马赫、胡塞尔与哈耶克各自先后所做的感觉分析,完成了对“感觉”概念的四次扩展,即从最基本的非意向的感觉材料开始,首先扩展为心理方面的:非意向的感知、非意向的感受和非意向的感质(感觉特质),它意味着意识的自身意识,即所有意识行为和意识状态都是被意识到的,亦即被内部感觉到的;而后再扩展为生理方面的:神经元素。这个最后的扩展是至关重要的,因为这个意义上的感觉特质,已经与神经元素处在一体两面的关系中,它们各自以主观体验的方式或客观映射的方式展示自身。与此相应,现象学与神经学以直接的方式联结在一起。胡塞尔讨论的意识结构实际上就代表了各个意识特质之间的本质联系,而哈耶克关注的感觉秩序则最终被归结为神经元素之间的联结方式,它们各自代表了精神科学与自然科学建基于感觉(感觉特质)之上的研究方向和研究成果。The three representatives of the Austrian School,Mach,Husserl,and Hayek,each made a sensory analysis successively,and completed the four expansions of the concept of“sensation”,that is,starting from the most basic non-intentional sensory materials,and first expanding to the psychological aspect:1.non-intentional sensation;2.non-intentional feelings;3.non-intentional sensibility(sensory qualities),which implies the self-awareness of consciousness,i.e.,all acts and states of consciousness are aware,i.e.,sensitive internally;Then it was expanded to the physiological aspect:4.neurological elements.This final expansion is crucial,because the sensory qualities in this sense are already in a two-sided relationship with the neurological elements,each of which presents itself in the form of subjective experience or in the way of objective mapping.Correspondingly,phenomenology and neurology are linked in a direct way.Husserl’s discussion of the structure of consciousness actually represents the essential connection between the various conscious qualities,while Hayek’s concern with the order of the senses is ultimately reduced to the way in which the neural elements are connected,and they each represent the research directions and results of the spiritual and natural sciences based on the senses(sensory qualities).

关 键 词：感质 感知 感受 意识系统 神经系统 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]