“异世界化”与技术——从海德格尔的前期哲学看现代技术的本质  

“World-alienation”and Technology:The Essence of Modern Technology from the Point of View of Heidegger’s Early Philosophy

作　　者：吴增定 Wu Zengding(Department of Philosophy,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学美学与美育研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2025年第3期105-112,122,158,159,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“尼采哲学、现象学与后形而上学语境中的主体性问题研究”(21BZX016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：海德格尔对于现代技术的反思和批评,一直被看成他的后期哲学思考的核心。海德格尔的这一反思和批评在其前期哲学中已经有了思想苗头。现代技术的两个根本特征,即人与世界的分离和事物从世界中的抽离,都可以追溯到海德格尔在《存在与时间》中所说的“异世界化”。如果说世界作为一个意义整体构成了人(此在)和其他一切存在者得以显现的视域,那么“异世界化”则意味着无论是人还是其他存在者都从世界这个终极意义视域中被抽离了,并且由此丧失了自身的意义,如同鱼儿离开了水。就此而言,无论是海德格尔一生所关注的“存在之遗忘”,还是他后期所反思的现代技术的虚无主义特征,都可以归结为“异世界化”。此外,“世界”和“异世界化”等生存论概念还有一个突出的特点是,它们包含了一种人与人的公共社会关系或交互主体性的维度,而这恰恰是海德格尔后期在思考和讨论现代技术之本质时所缺失的一个维度。而以阿伦特为代表的追随者正是从海德格尔的“世界”和“异世界化”等概念中发展出了关于“公共领域”的政治和伦理思考。Heidegger’s reflection and criticism of modern technology have always been regarded as the core of his later philosophical thinking.However,this reflection and criticism already had its source in his early philosophy.These two fundamental characteristics of modern technology,namely the separation of man and the world and the extraction of things from the world,can be traced back to what Heidegger called“world-alienation”(Entweltlichung)in his Being and Time.If the world as a whole of meaning constitutes the horizon in which man(Dasein)and all other beings appear,then“world-alienation”means that both man and other beings are extracted from the ultimate horizon of meaning,that is,the world,and thus lose their own meaning,just like a fish out of water.In this regard,“worldalienation”expresses both the“forgetfulness of Being”that Heidegger has been concerned about throughout his life,and the nihilistic characteristics of modern technology that he reflected on in his later years.In addition,existential concepts such as“world”and“world-alienation”have another outstanding advantage:they contain a dimension of public,social or ethical relationships between people,which is precisely a dimension that Heidegger lacked when thinking and discussing the essence of modern technology in his later years.As one of Heidegger’s followers,Arendt developed political and ethical thinking about the“public sphere”from Heidegger’s early thoughts of“world”and“world-alienation”.

关 键 词：异世界化 世界 存在 此在 技术 

分 类 号：B51[哲学宗教—外国哲学]