反思与突破:自动驾驶地方先行立法的试验型进路  

Reflection and Breakthrough:An Experimental Approach to Local Advance Legislation on Autonomous Driving

作　　者：郑琳 ZHENG Lin(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2025年第1期91-102,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2024年度辽宁省经济社会发展研究课题“辽宁省智能网联汽车管理条例的立法研究”(2024lslqnrckt-024);2024年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“领域法视角下自动驾驶个人信息保护研究”(3132024312)。

摘　　要：自动驾驶商业化部署所面临的法律障碍,亟待立法予以回应。在中央立法条件还不完全成熟的情况下,即使是没有地方立法变通权的经济发达地区,进行自动驾驶的试验型立法亦具备正当性。在规范层面,《立法法》第82条赋予地方性法规先行立法权。在功能层面,地方立法先行相比于出台政策文件和中央立法具有明显优势,且能够通过地方法治竞争促进自动驾驶产业发展。当前自动驾驶地方立法先行面临的国家强制性车辆标准、强制保险、无过错责任认定等权限瓶颈,可以借助作为软法的推荐性地方标准的制定、在地方立法中推出产品责任险和商业险等自愿保险以及通过数据的责任认定的变通处理方式加以解决。同时,为保障法制统一和协调,自动驾驶地方立法应遵循国家政策指导,并加强区域协同立法。The legal obstacles faced by the commercial deployment of autonomous driving need to be addressed by legislation.In the case that the central legislative conditions are not fully mature,even in economically developed areas where there is no local legislative flexibility,experimental legislation on autonomous driving is justified.At the normative level,Article 82 of the Legislation Law of the People’s Republic of China gives local regulations the power to first legislate.At the functional level,local legislation has obvious advantages compared with the introduction of policy documents and central legislation,and can promote the development of the autonomous driving industry through local legal competition.Currently local advance legislation on autonomous driving faces the bottleneck of authority such as national mandatory vehicle standards,compulsory insurance and no-fault liability identification.In view of the adaptation between the rapid development of autonomous driving technology and the traditional legal system,the following construction schemes are proposed.First of all,in view of the difficulty in quickly introducing national mandatory standards for autonomous vehicles,local governments shall first formulate local standards according to the Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China as a soft law means to explore.Although this kind of standard is different from the“hard law”with national mandatory force,it is also normative,regulatory and binding,and the Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China and its subsequent practices have expanded the scope of local standards to social management,public services and other fields.Standards for autonomous driving transportation management,travel services,energy conservation and environmental protection can all be included.Secondly,in terms of insurance,although compulsory traffic insurance is provided by laws or administrative regulations,and local legislation cannot innovate,commercial insurance such as product liability insurance and

关 键 词：自动驾驶 地方先行立法 车辆标准 保险 事故责任认定 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]