线粒体低毒兴奋效应在衰老中作用的研究进展  

Progress on the role of mitohormesis in aging

作　　者：陈宇轩 吴颖[1] 张闻达 沈璐妍 董德录 孙连坤[1] Chen Yuxuan;Wu Ying;Zhang Wenda;Shen Luyan;Dong Delu;Sun Liankun(Department of Pathophysiology,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130021;Laboratory Teaching Center,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130021)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学基础医学院病理生理学系,长春130021 [2]吉林大学基础医学院实验教学中心,长春130021

出　　处：《国际老年医学杂志》2025年第2期129-133,共5页International Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82102733)。

摘　　要：衰老与线粒体息息相关,线粒体功能障碍在衰老中发挥着重要作用,也是导致退行性疾病的关键性原因。线粒体对于维持细胞内环境稳定至关重要,能够监控细胞内稳态,能及时将应激信号逆向传递给细胞核从而达到反馈调节的作用。受到长期低强度应激刺激例如活性氧、未折叠蛋白质的积累和能量代谢的紊乱可激活线粒体低毒兴奋效应,引发细胞做出代偿反应,对抗应激刺激来提高细胞适应力,从而达到促进健康延长寿命的作用。在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森综合征和骨质疏松症等退行性疾病中,线粒体低毒兴奋效应也都能够作为潜在的治疗靶点。因此研究线粒体低毒兴奋效应,对促进健康、延长寿命、延缓衰老、预防或治疗退行性疾病都具有重要意义。Aging is closely related to mitochondria,and mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in aging,which is also a key cause of degenerative diseases.Mitochondria are essential for maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment,monitoring cellular homeostasis,and can timely reverse transmit stress signals to the nucleus to achieve feedback regulation.Exposure to long-term low-intensity stress stimuli such as reactive oxygen species,accumulation of unfolded proteins,and disruptions of energy metabolism can activate the mitohormesis,triggering a compensatory response in cells to resist stress stimuli and improve cellular resilience,thereby promoting health and prolonging life.In degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease,Parkinson s disease,and osteoporosis,the mitohormesis can also be used as potential therapeutic targets.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the mitohormesis to promote health,prolong life,delay aging,and prevent or treat degenerative diseases.

关 键 词：活性氧 线粒体未折叠蛋白质反应 线粒体低毒兴奋效应 衰老 退行性疾病 

分 类 号：R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]