2024 年秋季气象条件对农业生产的影响  

Report on Meteorological Impacts to Agricultural Production in Autumn 2024

作　　者：何延波 赵晓凤 吴门新 郭安红 延昊 郑昌玲 HE Yan-bo;ZHAO Xiao-Feng;WU Men-xin;GUO An-hong;YAN Hao;ZHENG Chang-ling(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2025年第3期432-434,共3页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：风云卫星应用先行计划项目(FY−APP−ZX−2023.01);中国气象局2024年乡村振兴气象服务专项项目(CMAXCZXZX202401)。

摘　　要：2024年秋季(9−11月),全国平均气温11.5℃,连续第6年高于常年同期值(10.0℃,1991−2020年平均值),创1961年以来历史同期新高。全国平均降水量134.4mm,较常年同期偏多14.4%;全国平均日照时数536.5h,较常年同期偏少6.0%。全国大部农区秋季光热条件较好,东北地区初霜期较常年偏晚,南方晚稻区寒露风天气影响小,气象条件总体利于秋收作物灌浆成熟、收晒和秋播,秋收秋种进展顺利。四川盆地东部、长江中下游阶段性干旱,不利于经济林果品质提升和油菜播种出苗。受季末寒潮天气影响,内蒙古东北部和东北地区等地大到暴雪,不利于农牧业生产。In the autumn of 2024(September−November),the national average temperature was 11.5℃,which was higher than the average of the same period from 1991 to 2020,and consecutively increased in the sixth year as well as created a new high record since 1961.The national average precipitation was 134.4mm,and 14.4%more than the same period from 1991 to 2020.The national average sunshine hours were 536.5h,and 6.0%less than the same period from 1991 to 2020.In most agricultural areas across the country,the light and heat conditions in autumn were relatively good to the crops.The first frost date in the northeast China was later than usual,and the cold dew wind had little impact on the late rice in the south part of China.The meteorological conditions were conducive to the filling and ripening,harvesting,drying of autumn-harvest crops and sowing of autumn-planted crops.Overall,the harvest and planting activates progressed smoothly in autumn of 2024,excluding the periodic droughts in the eastern part of the Sichuan basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river,which affected the quality improvement of economic forest fruits and the sowing and emergence of autumn rapeseed.Nearing to the end of this period,a cold snap weather caused heavy snowfall mainly in the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia and northeast China,which is unfavorable for agricultural and pastoral production.

关 键 词：气象条件 农业生产 气象灾害 秋收秋种 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]