代孕子女亲子关系认定:标准检讨与规则重构——基于《民法典》第1073条的规范考察  

Determination of Parent-Child Relationships in Surrogacy Cases:Review of Standards and Reconstruction of Rules--Normative Investigation Based on Article 1073 of the Civil Code of China

作　　者：刘冠合 LIU Guanhe(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《湖北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期46-55,共10页Journal of Hubei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新兴生命科技的人文风险及其治理路径研究”(22VRC030);四川医事卫生法治研究中心-中国卫生法学会青年项目“社会性冻卵的风险阐释及其法律规制问题研究”(YF24-Q31)。

摘　　要：我国《民法典》第1073条,增设“亲子关系认定”规范。但其在处理代孕子女之亲子关系认定时,仍显乏力,难以规避裁判差异,无法实现司法统一。代孕行为导致“分娩”和“血缘”发生分离,进而致使“分娩事实”“血缘真实”和“意思表示”等亲子关系认定依据产生冲突,基于生母、卵母以及代孕子女等不同主体利益倾向,学界提出“契约说”“代孕违法说”“子女最佳利益说”“继父母子女关系说”等观点,且争执不休。对此,本文建议在“血缘至上”的基础之上,引入法律拟制之生母身份,构建“双母亲”身份关系,以兼顾父母、子女等主体的平等保护与利益平衡,切实维护代孕子女的人格尊严与身份权利。Article 1073 of China’Civil Code introduces a provision for the“establishment of parent-child relationship”.However,it still proves inadequate in addressing the determination of parent-child relationships in cases involving children born through surrogacy,failing to avoid judicial discrepancies and achieve uniformity in legal rulings.Surrogacy results in the separation of“childbirth”and“consanguinity”,leading to conflicts in the criteria for determining parent-child relationships,such as the“childbirth fact”,“consanguinity truth”,and“intent declaration”.Given the different interests of parties such as the birth mother,the egg donor,and the child born through surrogacy,academic circles have proposed various theories,including the“contract theory”,“surrogacy illegality theory”,“best interests of the child theory”,and“step-parent-child relationship theory”,all of which remain contentious.In response,this paper suggests establishing a“dual-mother”relationship upon the principle of“primacy of consanguinity”by introducing a legally constructed maternal identity.This approach aims to balance the equal protection and interests of parents and children,thereby safeguarding the personal dignity and identity rights of children born through surrogacy.

关 键 词：《民法典》 代孕子女 亲子关系 认定标准 子女利益 

分 类 号：R052[医药卫生]