《幼学切音便读》初探  

A Preliminary Exploration of the Rhyme Book You Xue Qie Yin Bian Du

作　　者：吴建伟[1] Wu Jianwei(International Cultural Exchange School,Donghua University,Shanghai,200051)

机构地区：[1]东华大学国际文化交流学院,上海200051

出　　处：《中国文字研究》2024年第2期198-204,共7页The Study of Chinese Characters

基　　金：国家社科重大招标项目“明清民国珍稀时音韵书韵图整理集成与研究”(批准号:19ZDA308)之子课题“明清民国珍稀吴湘徽时音韵书韵图整理集成与研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《幼学切音便读》是清末一部专门教蒙童识字的吴语韵书,该书规模较小,全书共收889字,其中入声字258个。从该书的编纂思想、使用术语及体例等方面来看,该书作者当是清末诸暨人郦珩。作者为疑难字注音以直音为主,除直音外还有纽四声法、反切法。直音注音法直接反映了清末诸暨方言的口语音。全书共18摄41韵,根据这些韵和摄共可归纳出29个声母和41个韵母,另有平、上、去、入4个声调。因为郦珩当年生活的地方大致在今天的诸暨市直埠镇附近,所以将《幼学切音便读》的258个入声字与当今直埠镇方言的入声字进行比较,可以总结出一个多世纪以来诸暨方言入声韵发展变化的基本状况。You Xue Qie Yin Bian Du,which was a special textbook for the children in Zhuji City during Late Qing Dynasty,is a rhyme book of the Wu Dialect.The scale of this rhyme book is very small.It includes 889Chinesecharacters in this rhyme book,among which 258 are Entering Tone Rhyme ones.Based on the compilation intention,the terminologies,the stylistic rules and layout used in this book,we can infer that You Xue Qie Yin Bian Du should be written by Li Heng,a phonology expert born in Zhuji City of Late Qing Dynasty.The author usually provided phonetic annotation for a difficult Chinesecharacter with a common character with the same pronunciation besides of Niu Four Sounds and Fanqie,another two kinds of Phonetic notations.This kind of phonetic notation can directly reflect the pronunciation of Zhuji local dialect during Late Qing Dynasty.There are 18 groups and 41 rhymes in this book,from which 29 initial consonants and 41 vowels can be induced,as well as four tones.Comparing these 258 Entering Tone Rhyme Chinese characters with those current ones in Zhibu Town,Zhuji City,the basic development and changes of Entering Tone Rhymes in Zhuji local dialect in more than 100 years are presented.

关 键 词：《幼学切音便读》 音系 入声字 喉塞尾 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语]