武陵山区移民群体生计选择的文化适应问题研究——以铜仁市菌菇产业本土知识的创造性转化为例  

Study on Cultural Adaptation of Livelihood Choice Among Wuling Mountain Area Migrant Groups——Taking the Creative Transformation of Indigenous Knowledge of Mushroom Industry in Tongren Area as an Example

作　　者：刘金标[1,2] 高天跃 LIU Jin-biao;GAO Tian-yue(School of Humanities,Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China;School of Marxism,Tongren Vocational and Technical College,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;School of Economics,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学人文学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]铜仁职业技术学院马克思主义学院,贵州铜仁554300 [3]河北大学经济学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2024年第6期177-183,共7页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“西南地区木本农业文化遗产与各民族交往交流交融研究”(项目编号:23BMZ084)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：克利福德·格尔茨认为“地方性知识”是一种利用本土知识去认识事物的模式,与当地人、地域、本土知识掌握者密切相关。采集和食用野生菌是人类认识与利用自然资源的典型本土知识,食用菌培植技术则是人类文化改造自然的结果。工业文明后,菌菇种植成为一种产业,也被作为铜仁市解决移民群体经济问题的主导产业。然而,市场主导的集体菌菇种植并未取得预期效果,反之,个别移民将菌菇种植的本土知识与现代科学技术相结合,小规模的菌菇种植业取得了成功。文章以生态民族学的文化制衡与文化适应等理论为指导,以铜仁市菌菇产业为个案分析,可以从学理层面总结出文化适应与产业选择的一般规律,从而实现菌菇本土知识的创造性转化。Clifford Geertz believes that"local knowledge"is a mode of using local knowledge to understand things,which is closely related to local people,region,and local knowledge holders.The collection and consumption of wild mushrooms is a typical local knowledge of human understanding and utilization of natural resources,and the cultivation technology of edible mushrooms is the result of human culture transforming nature.After the industrial civilization,mushroom planting became an industry,and it was also used as the leading industry in Tongren to solve the economic problems of migrant groups.However,market-led collective mushroom planting has not achieved the desired results.On the contrary,some migrants have combined local knowledge of mushroom planting with modern science and technology,and small-scale mushroom planting has been successful.Guided by the theories of cultural balance and cultural adaptation in eco-ethnology,this paper takes the mushroom industry in Tongren area as a case study to summarize the general law of cultural adaptation and industrial selection from the theoretical level,so as to realize the creative transformation of local mushroom knowledge.

关 键 词：菌菇 地方性知识 文化适应 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]