航空发动机短舱声衬机器人制孔系统及工艺试验  

Robotic Drilling System and Process Experiment for Aero-Engine Nacelle Acoustic Liner

作　　者：朱伟东[1] 田昊宇 梅标 羊荣金 傅云 ZHU Weidong;TIAN Haoyu;MEI Biao;YANG Rongjin;FU Yun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310030,China;Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Quanzhou 362100,China;Polytechnic Institute,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310015,China;Xizi Spirit Aerospace Industry(Zhejiang)Ltd,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学机械工程学院,杭州310030 [2]中国科学院海西研究院泉州装备制造研究中心,泉州362100 [3]浙江大学工程师学院,杭州310015 [4]浙江西子势必锐航空工业有限公司,杭州310018

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2025年第4期38-45,共8页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C01134);杭州市重大科技创新项目(2022AIDZ0026)。

摘　　要：由于短舱声衬具有变曲率、孔数众多、孔直径与间距极小等特点,传统的制孔技术难以满足声衬制孔任务需求。为提高某大型飞机航空发动机短舱声衬制孔效率与质量,本文开发了一种具备多主轴制孔能力的短舱声衬机器人制孔系统。面向短舱声衬组件制孔需求,设计了多主轴制孔末端执行器以实现声学阵列孔加工,末端执行器一次定位可完成多个小孔加工;考虑声衬的复杂曲面外形和机器人可达性,设计旋转夹具台,实现了声衬加工位姿调整;综合奇异点、关节极限、机器人刚度等多要素,构建了机器人加工状态评价指标;基于多主轴制孔系统机器人与工件布局特点,研究了短舱声衬加工分区方案;通过制孔工艺试验,确定了复合材料声衬孔加工工艺参数。结果表明,该多主轴制孔系统制孔效率是单主轴制孔系统的4.37倍;通过加工分区使各个制孔点位处于良好的加工状态;在主轴转速30000 r/min、进给速度700 mm/min时,很好地避免了制孔中易产生的毛刺、劈裂等缺陷,分层系数降至1.267,满足航空发动机短舱声衬制造要求,对其他领域高密度阵列孔加工也具有借鉴意义。Due to the characteristics of nacelle acoustic liners,such as variable curvature,numerous holes,and tiny hole diameter and spacing,traditional drilling techniques are difficult to meet the needs of acoustic liner drilling.To improve the drilling efficiency and quality of the nacelle acoustic liner of a large aircraft’s aero-engine,a robotic drilling system with multi-spindle capabilities was developed.A multi-spindle drilling end-effector capable of machining acoustic array holes is designed to address the needs of drilling nacelle acoustic liner components.The end-effector can drill multiple small holes with a single positioning.Considering the complex curved shape of the acoustic liner and the robot’s reachability,a rotatable fixture table was designed to adjust the machining pose of the acoustic liner.An evaluation index for robot machining state was constructed by integrating multiple factors such as singularity,joint limits,and robot stiffness.A zoning scheme of the nacelle acoustic liner for machining was studied based on the layout characteristics regarding the robot and workpiece of the multi-spindle drilling system.The processing parameters for holes of composite acoustic liner are determined by drilling process tests.The results show that the drilling efficiency of multi-spindle drilling system is 4.37 times that of single-spindle systems.The zoning for machining ensures optimal processing conditions for each drilling point.Using a spindle speed of 30000 r/min and a feed rate of 700 mm/min,defects often occurring in drilling,such as burrs and splits,are effectively avoided,reducing the delamination factor to 1.267,which can meet the manufacturing requirements of aero-engine nacelle acoustic liners and also has significance as a reference for high-density array hole processing in other fields.

关 键 词：航空发动机 短舱声衬 工业机器人 多主轴 制孔 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] V26[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]