从高中会考到高中学业水平考试的历史演进——兼论高等学校招生考试科目改革  

The Historical Evolution from the High School Graduation Test to the High School Achievement Test——Focusing on the Reform of the College Entrance Examination Subjects

作　　者：刘希伟[1] Liu Xiwei(College of Teacher Education,Ningbo University,Ninghbo 315211)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,宁波315211

出　　处：《教育研究》2025年第2期101-111,共11页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学一般项目“应对高水平大学建设需求的高中拔尖创新生源供给机制研究”(编号:BHA210132)的研究成果。

摘　　要：考辨水平考试引入中国之源与流,探讨高中会考与高中学业水平考试的性质及功能定位,成为高考综合改革的一个本源性问题。水平考试概念及其理论,最早经由外国语言文学学科引入中国,其后被教育学学科借鉴和采用。外国语言文学学科与教育学学科在水平考试的认识与理解上存在差异。高中学业水平考试是高中会考的继承与创新,前者既用作高中毕业依据又用作高校招生依据,后者主要用作高中毕业依据。在高考综合改革中,合格性高中学业水平考试科目属于教育学学科传统意义上的水平考试,等级性高中学业水平考试科目属于选拔考试。未来,深化高等学校招生改革,可考虑将“+3”或“+1+2”之外的高中学业水平考试科目以一定方式纳入其中,不仅有助于缓解考生偏科问题,而且可以实现一种相对全面的评价。A probe into the origin of the introduction of proficiency tests into China,along with the nature and functions of the high school graduation test and the high school achievement test,has become an origin-related issue in the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examinations.The concept and the theory of proficiency tests were first introduced into China through the discipline of foreign language and literature,and were later adopted by the discipline of pedagogy.There are differences between these two disciplines in the understanding of proficiency tests.The high school achievement test remains the inheritance and innovation of the high school graduation test,with the former used as the basis for both high school graduation and college enrollment,and the latter mainly used as the basis for high school graduation.In the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examinations,the qualification-oriented high school achievement test belongs to a traditional proficiency test according to the discipline of pedagogy,while the level-oriented high school achievement test belongs to a selection test.In the future,to deepen the reform of college enrollment,we can consider using a certain way to include some subjects involving the high school achievement test other than"+3"or"+1+2"in the college entrance examinations,which helps not only to ease examinees'uneven subject performance,but also to make a relatively comprehensive assessment.

关 键 词：水平考试 选拔考试 高中会考 高中学业水平考试 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]