中小学教师职称结构改革进程及优化策略  

The Structure of Schoolteachers'Professional Titles——The Process of the Reform and the Strategy for Optimization

作　　者：高慧斌[1] Gao Huibin(Research Center for Teacher Development,China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院教师发展研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《教育研究》2025年第2期140-150,共11页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学一般项目“乡村教师结构性缺员现状及政策支持体系研究”(编号:BHA210127)的研究成果。

摘　　要：中小学教师职称结构是促进教师专业发展、优化岗位管理、提高工资待遇的关键枢纽。经过教师职称结构调整改革,我国构建了与中小学教师岗位结构一致的职称结构体系,并通过提高高级教师职称结构比例,提升了教师专业水平和工资待遇水平。但随着改革推进,也产生了中小学高级教师占比增长过快且省际差异显著、职称结构改革与中小学教师高层次人才甄选结合不密切、教师专业活力不充足、不同职称的教师收入差距过大等矛盾。未来应基于国家专业人才结构布局拟定中小学教师职称结构比例目标范围,并明确不同职称的内部结构和评审标准;着重加强职称评价的专业性要求,确保职称结构体系有效评价教师专业发展水平;建立中小学教师专业发展水平评价、岗位管理、工资待遇保障相平衡的制度结构体系。The structure of schoolteachers'professional titles serves as the key hub for promoting the professional development of schoolteachers,optimizing the management of their posts,and increasing their salaries and benefits.Based on the reform of the structure of schoolteachers'professional titles,China has established a system for the structure of schoolteachers'professional titles in conformity with the structure of their posts,and has raised their professional level and salaries and benefits by increasing the proportion of senior teachers among them.However,with the advancement of the reform,there exist contradictions,such as the excessively increasing proportion of senior teachers and its significant difference between different provincial-level regions,the lack of close connection between the reform of the structure of schoolteachers'professional titles and the selection of high-level talents among schoolteachers,the insufficient professional vitality of schoolteachers,and the large income gap among schoolteachers with dfferent professional titles.In the future,we need to determine the range of the structural proportions of schoolteachers'professional titles based on the structural layout of the country's professional talents,and clarify the internal structure and the evaluation standards for different professional titles;strengthen professional requirements for professional title evaluation to ensure that the structural system for professional titles helps to effectively evaluate the level of schoolteachers'professional development;and establish a structural system that balances the evaluation of the level of schoolteachers'professional development,the management of their posts,and the guarantee of their salaries and benefits.

关 键 词：中小学教师 职称结构 结构调整 结构构成 结构比例 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]