引种栽培对天麻有效成分及元素含量的影响  

Influence of Introduction and Cultivation on the Content of Active Ingredients and Elements in Gastrodia elata

作　　者：黄维金 梁育凡 唐丹 张琦 刘冬冬 王秋颖 HUANG Weijin;LIANG Yufan;TANG Dan;ZHANG Qi;LIU Dongdong;WANG Qiuying(The Management Station of Stateowned Forest Farm in Tengchong,Tengchong 679100,China;Shaanxi Danfeng County Yinong Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Danfeng 726200,China;Tengchong Qiushi Science and Trade Co.,Ltd.,Tengchong 679100,China;The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]腾冲市国有林场管理站,云南腾冲679100 [2]陕西丹凤县亿农生物科技有限公司,陕西丹凤726200 [3]腾冲秋实科贸有限公司,云南腾冲679100 [4]药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2025年第7期283-290,共8页Science and Technology of Food Industry

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同产地对天麻的性状、有效成分及元素含量的影响,为天麻引种栽培和优良品种选育提供试验依据。方法:比较引种前后天麻的性状,以及采用高效液相色谱法测定引种前后天麻中天麻素、天麻苷元、巴利森苷(A、B、C、E)的含量,对比和检测各产地天麻引种至云南腾冲后其元素含量的变化。结果:经过引种和栽培,不同产地天麻的性状发生了显著变化,外观上与腾冲本地天麻趋于一致,但天麻的折干率没有明显变化,不同产地天麻的天麻素含量均有不同程度的提高,其中,甘肃天麻的天麻素含量提高最多,达到了6.5倍,巴利森苷类化合物的含量也都呈现出上升趋势,达到云南腾冲本地天麻的含量。各个地区所产天麻的重金属含量均符合国家标准,不同产区的元素含量缺乏普遍性规律。在云南腾冲种植引入昭通天麻、东北天麻后,Zn元素、Fe元素的含量相应降低,Mn元素的含量相应增加,但不具备显著性。结论:天麻的特性与有效成分的浓度会受到其生长地域及自然环境的显著影响,云南腾冲非常适合天麻种植,可作为优秀产区推广天麻种植。Objective:To explore the impact of different cultivation origins on the characteristics,active ingredients,and element content of Gastrodia elata,providing experimental evidence for its introduction,cultivation,and selection of superior varieties.Methods:the characteristics of G.elata before and after introduction were compared,and using highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)to measure the content of gastrodin,gastrodigenin,and paris saponins(A,B,C,E)in G.elata before and after introduction.The changes in element content after introducing G.elata from various origins to Tengchong,Yunnan were compared and detected.Results:After introduction and cultivation,significant changes were observed in the characteristics of G.elata,appearing similiar to the local G,but there was no notable change in its drying rate,the gastrodin content of G.elata from different production regions increased to varing degrees,with the highest increase observed in G.elata from Gansu,reaching 6.5 times,the contents of balisangan-type compounds also showed an upward trend,reaching the levels of the local G.elata in Tengchong.The heavy metal content of G.elata from various regions complied with national standards,and there was no universal pattern in element across different production areas.After cultivating introduced G.elata from Zhaotong and Northeast China in Tengchong,Yunnan,the content of Zn and Fe elements decreased accordingly,while the Mn element content increased,although the changes were not statistically significant.Conclusion:The characteristics and concentration of active ingredients in G.elata are significantly influenced by its cultivation region and natural environment.Tengchong,Yunnan,is highly suitable for the cultivation of G.elata and can be promoted as an excellent production area for G.elata cultivation.

关 键 词：天麻 引种栽培 有效成分 生长环境 元素 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]