基于无人机平台的有序抛秧装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of an ordered rice seedling throwing device based on UAV platform

作　　者：原培超 纪要 张文毅 Yuan Peichao;Ji Yao;Zhang Wenyi(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第3期19-24,48,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS—SAE—202301)。

摘　　要：为进一步发挥水稻抛秧的生产优势,根据水稻抛秧移栽特点,设计一种基于无人机平台的有序抛秧装置。阐述装置的总体结构与作业流程,对载苗、推秧、导苗等关键部件进行设计。通过对推秧部件的运动分析,验证有序渐次推秧的功能需求。选取漂秧率、株距合格率作为有序抛秧的作业评价指标,以抛秧高度、推秧机构转速、导苗管底口直径作为试验因素进行台架试验。利用Design—Expert 10软件对试验结果进行分析,建立响应面数学模型,分析各因素对作业质量的影响,并对影响因素进行优化求解。试验结果表明,当抛秧高度为143 cm、推秧机构转速为55 r/min、导苗管底口直径为44 mm时,漂秧率为2.6%、株距合格率为87.2%,满足设计要求。To further exploit the production advantages of rice seedling throwing,an ordered seedling-throwing device based on a UAV platform is designed according to the characteristics of rice seedling throwing and transplanting.The overall structure and operational process of the device are described.The key components,such as the seedling carrier,pushing device,and guiding tube,are designed.Through motion analysis of the pushing component,the functional requirements for ordered sequential pushing of seedlings are verified.The floating seedling rate and plant spacing qualification rate are selected as the evaluation indicators for the ordered seedling throwing.The seedling throwing height,pushing component rotation speed,and the diameter of the guiding tube's bottom are chosen as experimental factors for bench-scale testing.The experimental results are analyzed using Design—Expert 10 software to establish a response surface mathematical model,assess the influence of various factors on operational quality,and optimize the influencing factors.The results show that when the seedling throwing height is 143 cm,the pushing component rotation speed is 55 r/min,and the diameter of the guiding tube's outlet is 44 mm,the floating rate is 2.6% and the plant spacing qualification rate is 87.2%,meeting the design requirements.

关 键 词：水稻 钵体苗 无人机 抛秧装置 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]