金沙江中游水电开发区生态系统服务综合功能时空变化与归因  

Comprehensive Ecosystem Service Changes and Their Drivers in the Middle Reaches of Jinsha River

作　　者：张秀 张璇 崔磊[2] 陈浩 宋佳 万帆 李冲[1] ZHANG Xiu;ZHANG Xuan;CUI Lei;CHEN Hao;SONG Jia;WAN Fan;LI Chong(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China;Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,POWERCHINA,Xi'an 710065,China;Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [3]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [4]陕西省四主体一联合河湖生态系统保护与修复校企联合研究中心,西安710065

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第3期1585-1596,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271023)。

摘　　要：水电开发是新时代我国能源领域践行双碳战略的重要抓手“,生态优先”的大型水电开发模式对流域生态系统服务功能的影响机制变得错综复杂,因此探讨水电开发影响下的区域生态系统服务功能变化十分重要.选择西南地区水电开发基地的金沙江中游作为研究区域,基于InVEST模型评估了水电开发前(2000年)和水电开发后(2020年)产水、碳贮存和生境质量服务的时空分异特征;构建了基于均衡性的生态系统服务综合指数(CESI),并探讨了水电开发下CESI变化的驱动机制.结果表明:①2000~2020年,金沙江中游流域产水量减少(-18.22%),碳贮存(0.26%)和生境质量服务(0.45%)增加;②不同水电开发程度下子流域3种服务呈不同变化特征:干流和支流水电开发程度较大的子流域3种服务基本减少,而未涉及水电开发的子流域碳贮存和生境质量服务基本增加;③20 a间,流域CESI下降了8.13%,上升区域主要分布在上游和下游,下降区域集中在中游.持续热点区域靠近干流上游左侧和下游两侧,持续冷点区域分布在子流域21和23;④水电开发强度较大的子流域土地利用、景观格局和水电开发因素变化明显. CESI变化受到气候、土地利用、景观格局和水电开发因素变化的综合影响.平均降水量和水体斑块密度变化是主要驱动因素,贡献率分别为89.4%和3.2%.国内生产总值变化与ΔCESI呈显著正相关.基于以上结论,建议通过减少对CESI持续热点区的干扰、考虑持续冷点区为水电优先开发区、保持集约化城市发展和培育更加集中的耕地来提高生态系统服务综合功能.研究结果可为水电开发区生态系统规划提供数据支撑.Hydropower development is an important starting point for China to implement the dual carbon strategy in the energy field in the new era,and the influence mechanism of a large-scale hydropower development mode with ecological priority on watershed ecosystem service has become complicated.Therefore,exploing the ecosystem services change under the influence of hydropower development is highly important.As one of the frequent anthropogenic activity areas in southwest China,the investigation on the impact of hydropower development on ecosystem service is developing from single factor and single process to multi-factor comprehensive ecosystem service functions.This study conducted a multi-scale analysis in the middle reaches of Jinsha River,a hydropower development base in southwest China,to quantitatively evaluate the spatio-temporal characteristics of water yield,carbon storage,and habitat quality before(2000)and after(2020)hydropower development using the InVEST model;to assess the three ecosystem services based on a comprehensive ecosystems service index(CESI)from the perspective of balanced development;and to investigate the mechanism of CESI change under hydropower development.The results indicated that:①At the watershed level,water yield showed a decreasing trend(by 18.22%),whereas carbon storage(by 0.26%)and habitat quality(by 0.45%)showed a subtle increasing trend from 2000 to 2020.②The three ecosystem services in the sub-watershed with different levels of hydropower development exhibited different changing characteristics:the three ecosystem services in sub-watersheds with higher levels of hydropower development decreased,whereas carbon storage and habitat quality in sub-watersheds without hydropower development increased.③The CESI showed a downward trend(by 8.13%),and pinpointed regions of increasing CESI were in the up and down reaches of the regions,whereas those of decreasing CESI were in the middle reaches of the regions.The sustained hot spots of CESI were located near the left side of the upstre

关 键 词：水电开发 InVEST模型 生态系统服务综合指数 驱动因素 金沙江流域中游 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]