低密度聚乙烯微塑料对大豆-土壤-微生物系统的影响  

Effect of Low-density Polyethylene Microplastics on Soybean-soil-microbial System

作　　者：贾宇飞 王嘉文 王瑞坤 王天奇 许学慧 JIA Yu-fei;WANG Jia-wen;WANG Rui-kun;WANG Tian-qi;XU Xue-hui(Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources,College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Safety and Green Development of Autonomous Region Higher Education Institutions,College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第3期1831-1840,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金项目(RZ2200001264);内蒙古农业大学基本科研业务费项目(BR22-13-04,BR22-10-20);2024年内蒙古农业大学研究生科研创新项目。

摘　　要：塑料的广泛使用使得土壤环境中普遍存在微塑料,而它作为一种新兴污染物,会影响植物生长、土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构.通过盆栽培养试验,研究不同含量低密度聚乙烯微塑料(LDPE-MPs)对大豆生长、土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和微生物活性的影响,探究微塑料对大豆-土壤-微生物系统的毒性效应.结果显示,与对照相比,微塑料会抑制大豆的出苗(14.1%~25.0%),对株高、生物量和荚重则表现出低暴露水平抑制、高暴露水平促进,而高暴露水平微塑料胁迫下大豆的叶绿素SPAD值会显著降低.微塑料影响了大豆的品质,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和纤维素含量分别比对照提高了117.7%~258.8%、3.7%~61.6%和47.8%~83.4%.微塑料添加也会影响大豆养分的吸收,表现为促进大豆地上部分氮(95.1%~144.4%)、磷(4.1%~20.4%)和地下部分氮(11.4%~19.4%)、磷(8.5%~42.6%)的吸收,抑制地上部分钾(2.2%~15.3%)和地下部分钾(3.9%~9.4%)的吸收.添加微塑料对土壤pH影响不大,但是会显著提高土壤阳离子交换量(65.1%~74.7%)和有机质含量(22.6%),随着添加含量提高,土壤中硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量和脲酶活性显著降低,3%添加量下土壤中硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量比对照分别降低了57.7%、22.0%和18.8%,脲酶活性抑制了13.98%. 16S rRNA测序分析表明,微塑料胁迫会增加土壤中变形菌群丰度和减少酸杆菌群丰度,降低群落多样性和丰富度,使得整个系统稳定性降低.综上所述,微塑料胁迫会影响大豆-土壤-微生物系统的稳定性.The widespread use of plastics has led to the prevalence of microplastics in the soil environment,which,as an emerging pollutant,affects plant growth,soil physicochemical properties,and microbial community structure.The effects of different contents of low-density polyethylene microplastics(LDPE-MPs)on soybean growth,soil physicochemical properties,soil enzyme activities,and microbial activities were investigated through pot culture experiments to explore the toxic effects of microplastics on soybeansoil-microbial systems.The results showed that compared with that in the control,microplastics inhibited soybean emergence(14.1%-25.0%),whereas plant height,biomass,and pod weight were inhibited by low concentration and promoted by high concentration,and SPAD of soybean was significantly reduced by high concentrations of microplastics stress.Microplastics affected the quality of soybeans,with s-sugars,s-proteins,and cellulose increased by 117.7%-258.8%,3.7%-61.6%,and 47.8%-83.4%,respectively,compared with those in the control.Microplastic addition also affected soybean nutrient uptake,as evidenced by the promotion of N(95.1%-144.4%)and P(4.1%-20.4%)uptake in the aboveground portion of soybeans and N(11.4%-19.4%)and P(8.5%-42.6%)uptake in the below-ground portion of soybeans,and inhibited K(2.2%-15.3%)uptake in the aboveground portion of the plant and K(3.9%-9.4%)uptake in the below-ground portion of the plan,respectively.The addition of microplastics had little effect on soil pH;however,it significantly increased CEC(65.1%-74.7%)and SOM(22.6%).With the increase in the addition content,the content of NO_(3)^(−)-N,AP,AK,and UE activities were significantly reduced;the content of NO_(3)^(−)-N,AP,and AK was reduced by 57.7%,22.0%,and 18.8%compared with that in the control at 3%addition,respectively;and UE activity was inhibited by 13.98%.Further,16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that microplastic stress increased the abundance of the Proteobacter group and reduced the abundance of the Acidobacter group in the soil,d

关 键 词：微塑料(MPs) 大豆 土壤 微生物 功能 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X172