塑料老化过程及其环境危害研究进展  

Research Progress on Plastic Aging Processes and Their Environmental Hazards

作　　者：杨妮娜 左剑恶 张艳艳 门聪 YANG Ni-na;ZUO Jian-e;ZHANG Yan-yan;MEN Cong(Joint State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China;Key Laboratory of Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Guarantee for Water Transport in Beijing,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084 [2]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,深圳518055 [3]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,水中典型污染物控制与水质保障北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第3期1850-1860,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：深圳市科技创新委员会稳定支持项目(WDZC20200819163549002)。

摘　　要：塑料污染已成为全球性的环境问题,对生态系统和人类健康构成了显著威胁.塑料老化是一个持续的动态过程,此过程中会有各种尺寸级别的塑料产生与存在,如:大型塑料、微塑料及纳米塑料.无论哪个尺寸级别的塑料,其都会持续破碎并释放塑料添加剂及其他溶解性产物.此外,由于分子组成与结构相同,微纳米塑料与宏观塑料的老化机制及呈现的老化特性相似,但颗粒的尺寸越小危害越大.为加深对塑料环境效应的了解,聚焦于塑料从初始形态到老化降解的整个动态过程,综述了塑料在此过程中所涉及的老化机制、特性变化及释放产物.以上产物包括大型塑料、微纳米塑料、塑料添加剂及其他溶解性产物.同时,归纳了塑料老化实验的相关研究及主要结论,并进一步探讨了影响塑料添加剂浸出和微纳米颗粒释放的因素.最后,总结了塑料老化产物可能造成的环境危害.Plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue,posing notable threats to ecosystems and human health.Plastic aging is a continuous dynamic process,during which plastics of various sizes are produced and exist,such as large plastics,microplastics,and nanoplastics.Regardless of the size,plastics continuously fragment and release plastic additives and other soluble products.Moreover,due to the same molecular composition,the aging mechanisms and characteristics of micro and nanoplastics are similar to those of macroplastics.However,the smaller the particle size,the greater the potential harm.To enhance understanding of the environmental effects of plastics,this review focused on the entire dynamic process from the initial form of plastics to their degradation and summarized the aging mechanisms involved,changes in properties,and the products released during this process.These products include macroplastics,micro and nanoplastics,plastic additives,and other soluble substances.The paper also summarized relevant studies and main conclusions on plastic aging experiments,further exploring factors that influence the leaching of plastic additives and the release of micro and nanoplastic particles.Finally,it provided a summary of the environmental hazards that were caused by plastic aging products.

关 键 词：塑料 老化 环境危害 微纳米塑料 添加剂 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]